中国全科医学 ›› 2021, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (10): 1211-1217.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2021.00.029

所属专题: 社区卫生服务最新研究合集

• 专题研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

北京市社区卫生服务中心卫生人力资源现状研究

王梅*,郭默宁,谭鹏,李昂   

  1. 100034 北京市卫生健康委信息中心
    *通信作者:王梅,副研究员;E-mail:wm1367@qq.com
  • 出版日期:2021-04-05 发布日期:2021-04-05

Healthcare Human Resources in Community Health Centers in Beijing,2012—2018 

WANG Mei*,GUO Moning,TAN Peng,LI Ang   

  1. Beijing Municipal Health Commission Information Center,Beijing 100034,China
    *Corresponding author:WANG Mei,Associate professor;E-mail:wm1367@qq.com
  • Published:2021-04-05 Online:2021-04-05

摘要: 背景 社区卫生服务中心卫生人力资源是推动基层卫生事业发展的基础,也是分级诊疗的关键环节。目的 评估2012—2018年北京市社区卫生服务中心卫生人力资源的发展规模及配置现状。方法 利用2012—2018年北京市社区卫生服务中心年报表、卫生人力基本信息调查表数据,研究北京市社区卫生服务中心卫生人力规模、卫生人力资源配置、学历、职称情况等。结果 2018年,平均每个中心98人,岗位编制到位率达到84.3%,人员年流失率为6.4%。2012—2018年,北京市社区卫生服务中心卫生人员呈现增长趋势,其中,中医类别执业(助理)医师数量年均增速最快,为6.0%,公共卫生人员数量年均增速最慢,仅为0.1%;全科医生占执业(助理)医师总量下降了6.7个百分点;社区卫生服务中心每千人口卫生技术人员数、执业(助理)医师、注册护士数、中医类别执业(助理)医师数分别从2012年的1.05、0.52、0.33、0.10人增加到2018年的1.30、0.63、0.44、0.13人,每万人口全科医生数从2012年的2.75人增加到2018年的2.95人,每千人口公共卫生人员数从2012年的0.06人下降至2018年的0.05人;医护比从2012年的1∶0.64改善为2018年的1∶0.72。2018年卫生技术人员本科及以上学历占比30.7%,较2012年上升7.3个百分点;卫生技术人员高级职称占比5.7%,较2012年上升1.4个百分点。结论 社区卫生服务中心卫生人力规模不断壮大,岗位空编情况逐年改善,编外人员数量逐年增加;卫生人员配置得到改善,但注册全科医生和护理人员数量缺口较大,与规划要求仍存在差距;学历层次有所提升,高级职称占比有待提高。建议创新人事管理制度,健全人才激励机制,探索全科医学人才培养新模式,加强护理人员队伍建设。

关键词: 社区卫生服务, 卫生人力资源, 激励分配机制, 北京市

Abstract: Background Healthcare human resources in community health centers(CHCs) play an essential role in promoting the development of primary health services and take a key role in the development of hierarchical medical system. Objective To investigate the size and allocation of healthcare human resources in CHCs in Beijing from 2012 to 2018. Methods Data were collected from the 2012—2018 annual reports and questionnaires regarding the essential information of healthcare human resources of Beijing's CHCs. The size,allocation,education levels and professional titles of healthcare human resources were studied. Results In 2018,each CHC had 98 healthcare professionals,with 84.3% as the rate of occupied budgeted posts,and 6.4% as the annual turnover rate on average. From 2012 to 2018,the number of healthcare professionals in CHCs showed an increase trend generally. Specifically,the number of practising(assistant) TCM physicians had the highest annual growth rate(6.0%),while that of public health workers had the lowest(only 0.1%). The proportion of general practitioners in the total number of practising physicians decreased by 6.7 percentage points. The average numbers of community healthcare professionals,practising(assistant) physicians,registered nurses,and practising(assistant) TCM physicians per 1 000 people increased from 1.05,0.52,0.33,0.10 in 2012 to 1.30,0.63,0.44,0.13 in 2018,respectively. The average number of general practitioners per 10 000 people increased from 2.75 in 2012 to 2.95 in 2018. The average number of public health workers per 1 000 people decreased from 0.06 in 2012 to 0.05 in 2018. The ratio of doctors to nurses improved from 1∶0.64 in 2012 to 1∶0.72 in 2018. The proportion of healthcare professionals with bachelor degree or above was 30.7%,which increased by 7.3 percentage points compared with that of 2012. The proportion of healthcare professionals with a senior professional title was 5.7%,which increased by 1.4 percentage points in comparison with that of 2012. Conclusion During this period,Beijing's CHCs had a gradual increase in the size of healthcare human resources with improved education level,a yearly improvement in the vacancy of budgeted posts,and a yearly growth in the number of healthcare workers without a budgeted post,indicating that the allocation of healthcare workers has been improved. However,according to requirements of national governmental planning,there is a great shortage of registered general practitioners and nurses. Moreover,the proportion of healthcare workers with a senior professional title need to be increased. Based on the above analysis,it is suggested to innovate the construction of the personnel management system,improve the talent incentive mechanism,explore new modes for training general practitioners and strengthen the construction of nursing workforce.

Key words: Community health services, Healthcare human resource, Incentive allocation mechanism, Beijing