关键词: 过敏性鼻炎, 结膜炎, 哮喘, 抗生素, 流行病学调查

Abstract: Background　Prevalence of allergic diseases including allergic rhinitis increases gradually nowadays.Allergic rhinitis is often mistaken for common cold caused by bacteria，and due to this，there may be inappropriate use of antibiotics for treatment.The misuse or abuse of antibiotics is the main cause of bacterial resistance.Objective　To investigate the repeated use of antibiotics for treating three common allergic diseases（allergic rhinitis，allergic conjunctivitis and allergic asthma） in Inner Mongolia's grassland region.Methods　A survey was conducted among a stratified multistage sample from Erenhot City，Xilinhot City，Duolun County，Jarud Banner，Kailu County，and Tongliao City in grassland region of Inner Mongolia during May to August 2015 using an interview-based questionnaire to collect the demographic data（gender，age，ethnicity，residence，and so on），repeated use of antibiotics in the past two years，prevalence of allergic rhinitis，conjunctivitis and asthma（symptoms，disease duration，medication，and so on），and family history of atopy.Results　A total of 5 944 questionnaires were sent out and 5 787 valid questionnaires were returned，with valid response rate of 97.36%.Among the subjects，1 079（18.65%） used antibiotics repeatedly，while 4 708（81.35%） did not.The prevalence of allergic rhinitis，conjunctivitis，asthma，rhinoconjunctivitis，allergic asthma with rhinitis or conjunctivitis，allergic rhinoconjunctivitis with asthma was 12.74%（737/5 787），8.85%（512/5 787），and 1.80%（104/5 787），15.91%（921/5 787），1.73%（100/5 787），and 2.94%（170/5 787），respectively.2 544（43.96%） were found to have at least one of these three common diseases（allergic rhinitis，conjunctivitis，and asthma） while other 3 243（56.04%） were not.Those with allergic rhinitis，conjunctivitis，and asthma had higher rate of repeated use of antibiotics than those without，regardless of sex（male and female），ethnic group（Han，Mongol ethnic minority or other ethnic groups），and residence（urban or rural areas）（P<0.05）.Moreover，those of age groups of 2-17 and 18-80 with allergic rhinitis，conjunctivitis，and asthma were found with higher rate of repeated use of antibiotics（P<0.05）.The prevalence of repeated use of antibiotics was higher in those with allergic rhinitis，conjunctivitis，asthma than that of those without（P<0.01），exceeding by a factor of 1.5 〔95%CI（1.33，1.76），P<0.01〕，1.33〔95%CI（1.15，1.53），P<0.01〕，and 2.12〔95%CI（1.68，2.67），P<0.01〕，respectively.Among those with allergic rhinitis，conjunctivitis and asthma，the prevalence of repeated use of antibiotics was significantly higher in those with positive family history of atopy，compared with those with negative or unknown family history（P<0.01）.Conclusion　The prevalence of the three common diseases was high in this sample.And the prevalence of repeated use of antibiotics was higher compared with that of the normal healthy population.Repeated use of antibiotics，as a synergistic factor，increased the risk of having allergic rhinitis，conjunctivitis and asthma in those with family history of atopy.This survey provides support for rational use and management of antibiotics and the prevention and treatment of allergy diseases.

Key words: Allergic rhinitis, Conjunctivitis, Asthma, Antibiotics, Epidemiological survey