中国全科医学 ›› 2020, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (16): 1989-1995.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2020.00.120

• 专题研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

农村老年人积极老龄化现状及影响因素研究

李宏洁,张艳*,余自娟,王荣华,赵敬,杜灿灿,田雨同,刘珍   

  1. 450000河南省郑州市,郑州大学护理与健康学院
    *通信作者:张艳,教授,硕士生导师;E-mail:zhangyanmy@126.com
  • 出版日期:2020-06-05 发布日期:2020-06-05
  • 基金资助:
    基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(71874162)——“医养一体化远程照护模式”对农村失能老人积极老龄化的作用机制研究

Status Quo of Active Aging among Rural Elderly and Its Influencing Factors 

LI Hongjie,ZHANG Yan*,YU Zijuan,WANG Ronghua,ZHAO Jing,DU Cancan,TIAN Yutong,LIU Zhen#br#   

  1. School of Nursing and Health,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450000,China
    *Corresponding author:ZHANG Yan,Professor,Master supervisor;E-mail:zhangyanmy@126.com
  • Published:2020-06-05 Online:2020-06-05

摘要: 背景 积极老龄化提倡老年人应保持身心健康、实现自我价值,是衡量晚年生活质量的重要指标,近年来我国农村老龄化问题严峻,亟须调查分析农村老年人的积极老龄化水平,为提升农村老年人生活质量提供参考依据。目的 调查河南省农村老年人的积极老龄化现状,分析其影响因素。方法 采用抽签法,于2018年11月—2019年1月,在河南省鹤壁市淇县下辖5个乡镇中随机抽取2个镇,每个镇随机抽取3个行政村,对符合纳入标准的农村老年人进行问卷调查,问卷内容包括一般人口学资料和农村版积极老龄化问卷,农村版积极老龄化问卷由研究者基于课题组前期汉化积极老龄化量表(AAS)修订形成。共发放问卷670份,回收有效问卷625份,问卷有效回收率为93.3%。结果 农村老年人积极老龄化总得分为70.00(30.00)分,自理能力维度条目均分最高,为3.00(1.71)分,建立经济保障维度条目均分最低,为1.00(1.00)分。Spearman秩相关分析显示:性别、年龄、宗教信仰、受教育水平、婚姻状况、居住情况、个人月收入、睡眠质量、每周锻炼次数、家属对社会参与的支持、是否仍参与劳动、所在村里有无健身活动设施与积极老龄化总得分具有相关性(P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析结果显示:年龄、婚姻状况、居住情况、个人月收入、睡眠质量、每周锻炼次数、家属对社会参与的支持、所在村有无健身活动设施是老年人积极老龄化得分的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 农村老年人的积极老龄化相较于城市老年人还处于较低水平,针对本研究所得出的积极老龄化影响因素,应采取针对性措施,如对高龄农村老年人进行积极老龄化宣教、为贫困老年人提供互助支持、宣传开放包容的老年婚恋观、鼓励老年人自主决策、为老年人创造文体活动条件、普及宣传健康作息习惯、重视家庭支持的力量等,从而为农村老年人赋权增能,帮助其实现积极老龄化。

关键词: 农村卫生, 老年人, 积极老龄化, 影响因素分析, 河南

Abstract: Background Active aging,an important index to measure the quality of life,advocates that the elderly should maintain physical and mental health and realize their self-value in the later years.The problem of rural aging in China is severe in recent years,so it is urgent to investigate and analyze the level of active aging among rural elderly to provide a reference for improving their quality of life.Objective To investigate the current status of active aging among the elderly in some rural areas of Henan Province and analyze its influencing factors.Methods Adopting drawing lots method,two towns were randomly selected from five townships governed by Qi County of Hebi City in Henan Province,and each town randomly selected three administrative villages from November 2018 to January 2019.Rural elderly who met inclusion criteria were selected to conduct the questionnaire survey.The questionnaire included demographic characteristics and the Active Ageing Questionnaire in Rural Areas,which was revised from Chinese version of Active Ageing Scale(AAS) developed by the research group at an earlier stage.A total of 670 questionnaires were distributed and 625 valid questionnaires were collected with the effective recovery rate of 93.3%.Results The total score of active aging among rural elderly was 70.00(30.00).The highest score was found in "promote own matters" dimension,3.00(1.71)."Establishing economic balance" got the lowest score,1.00(1.00).Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that gender,age,religious belief,education level,marital status,living conditions,personal monthly income,quality of sleep,exercise frequency,family support for social participation,participation in labor,and fitness facilities in the village were correlated with the total score of active aging(P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age,marital status,living conditions,personal monthly income,quality of sleep,weekly exercise times,family support for social participation,and fitness facilities were the factors influencing active aging(P<0.05).Conclusion The active aging among the rural elderly is still at a lower level compared with that among the urban elderly.According to the factors affecting the active aging,targeted measures should be taken,such as promoting active aging education for the rural elderly,providing mutual assistance and support for the poor elderly,publicizing an open and inclusive concept of old-age marriage and love,encouraging the elderly to make independent decisions,creating cultural and sports activities for the elderly,popularizing healthy work and rest habits,and emphasizing the power of family support,so as to empower the rural elderly and help them achieve active aging.

Key words: Rural health, Elderly, Active aging, Root cause analysis, Henan