中国全科医学 ›› 2019, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (19): 2356-2360.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2019.00.324

所属专题: 跌倒最新文章合集

• 专题研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

养老机构老年人跌倒效能及其影响因素研究

颜文1,2,张雪梅3*,陈茜3   

  1. 1.610041四川省成都市,口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 国家口腔疾病临床研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院护理部 2.610041四川省成都市,四川大学华西护理学院 3.610041四川省成都市,四川大学华西医院老年医学中心
    *通信作者:张雪梅,主任护师,教授,硕士生导师;E-mail:18980601339@126.com
  • 出版日期:2019-07-05 发布日期:2019-07-05
  • 基金资助:
    基金项目:四川省科技计划项目(2015SZ0150)

Fall Efficacy and Its Influencing Factors among the Elderly in Nursing Homes 

YAN Wen1,2,ZHANG Xuemei3*,CHEN Qian3   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases/National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases/Department of Nursing,West China Hospital of Stomatology,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,China
    2.West China School of Nursing,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,China
    3.Department of Geriatrics Center,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,China
    *Corresponding author:ZHANG Xuemei,Chief nurse,Professor,Master supervisor;E-mail:18980601339@126.com
  • Published:2019-07-05 Online:2019-07-05

摘要: 背景 害怕跌倒在养老机构和住院老年人中发生率高。由于害怕跌倒,老年人会自我强加活动限制,形成久坐不动的生活方式,从而使其身体功能下降,增加跌倒、社会隔离、焦虑、抑郁以及住院的发生。目的 调查成都市养老机构老年人跌倒效能现状及其影响因素。方法 2017年8—9月,采用便利抽样法,应用一般资料问卷、修订版跌倒效能量表、Barthel指数评定量表、老年人跌倒环境安全因素评估表和健康调查 12 条简表(SF-12)对成都市3所养老机构的300名老年人进行问卷调查。采用多元线性逐步回归分析养老机构老年人跌倒效能的影响因素。结果 回收有效问卷278份,有效回收率为92.7%。老年人跌倒效能得分为(106.62±34.22)分。多元线性逐步回归分析结果显示:过去1年内有无跌伤史、日常生活中有无活动限制、有无老伴一同入住养老机构、24 h睡眠时间、Barthel指数得分、老年人跌倒环境安全因素评估表的室内卫生间维度评分及SF-12的躯体健康评分和心理健康评分是其跌倒效能的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 成都市养老机构老年人的跌倒效能处于中等水平,可针对不同的老年人制定相应的干预措施,以提高其跌倒效能,从而预防跌倒。

关键词: 老年人保健服务, 意外跌倒, 跌倒效能, 养老机构, 影响因素分析, 四川

Abstract: Background The incidence of fear of falling is high among the elderly in nursing homes and inpatient department.Because of fear of falling,the elderly may impose restrictions on their activities and form a sedentary lifestyle,which will reduce their physical function and increase the probability of falling,social isolation,anxiety,depression and hospitalization.Objective To investigate the fall efficacy and its influencing factors among the elderly in nursing homes in Chengdu.Methods A total of 300 elderly people from 3 nursing homes in Chengdu were selected by convenience sampling method from August to September,2017.General information questionnaire,Modified Fall Efficacy Scale,Barthel Index Scale,Elderly Fall Environmental Safety Factor Scale and  the 12-items Short Form Health Survey(SF-12)were used to investigate subjects.Multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of fall efficacy of the elderly in nursing homes.Results A total of 278 questionnaires were collected,with effective recovery rate of 92.7%.The elderly fall efficacy were(106.62±34.22)points;Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that fall history in the past one year,activity restriction in daily life,living with or without spouse,24-hour sleep time,Barthel index score,toilet environment score of Elderly Fall Environmental Safety Factor Scale,PCS score and MCS score of SF-12 were influencing factors of fall efficacy among the elderly.Conclusion The fall efficacy of the elderly in nursing homes in Chengdu is moderate.Individualized intervention should be formulated for different elderly to improve their fall efficacy,thus preventing falls.

Key words: Health services for the aged, Accidental falls, Fall efficacy, Nursing home, Root cause analysis, Sichuan