低血糖负荷膳食干预对孕妇孕期增重及新生儿出生体质量和身长的影响

doi:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2019.00.191

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 背景　孕期增重过多已越来越普遍，但合理营养管理仍然存在争议，低血糖生成指数（GI）或低血糖负荷（GL）膳食可能比其他膳食方案减重更加明显。目的　对孕妇孕期进行低GL膳食干预，观察其对孕妇孕期增重及新生儿体质量和身长的影响，旨在为孕期合理膳食提供参考。方法　选择2015年11月—2016年7月在安徽省某妇幼保健院产检的孕妇200例为研究对象，采用随机数字表法分为对照组和干预组，各100例。其中干预组按孕前体质指数和各孕期增重等级进行低GL膳食干预，从孕妇第1次产检开始，干预结点为新生儿出生；而对照组不采用任何干预。孕妇的资本资料使用孕期基本信息调查表进行获取，并采用连续3日24 h膳食记录表收集孕妇各孕期膳食摄入情况并计算GI、GL值，记录孕妇孕期增重及新生儿出生身长、体质量、Apgar评分。结果　对照组失访6例，干预组失访3例，最终对照组94例、干预组97例纳入研究。两组孕妇孕早期GI、GL比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；干预组孕中期、孕晚期GI、GL低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组孕妇孕（26±2）周前增重比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；干预组孕妇孕期总增重、孕期增重超标者占比、孕（34±2）周前增重、分娩前增重低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组新生儿出生体质量、身长及Apgar评分比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论　对孕妇实施低GL膳食干预，可使孕中、晚期增重速度放缓，减轻孕期总增重。

关键词: 膳食；低血糖负荷；孕妇；婴儿, 新生；出生体重；身高

Abstract: Background　Gestational weight gain is increasingly prevalent，yet the effects of various nutritional management regimens remain contentious.It has been suggested that low-glycemic-index diet or low-glycemic-load（LGL） diet may stimulate greater weight loss than other weight reduction diets.Objective　To observe the effects of LGL diet on gestational weight gain，to provide a reference for rational diet selection during pregnancy.Methods　200 pregnant women undergoing antenatal examinations in a maternal and child health hospital in Anhui Province from November 2015 to July 2016 were enrolled.They were evenly divided into intervention group and control group by a random number table，receiving LGL diet based on the prepregnancy BMI and amount of reasonable weight gain at each stage of pregnancy from the first antenatal examination to the delivery，and receiving no interventions，respectively.Baseline data，and dietary intake at each stage of pregnancy were collected by a survey with self-administered Basic Information Questionnaire，and Three-day Food Intake Form developed by our research group，respectively.According to the survey results，glycemic index（GI）and glycemic load（GL）were calculated.Gestational weight gain，and the newborn's birth length and weight，and Apgar score were recorded.Results　Six cases were lost in the control group, and three in the intervention group.Finally 94 cases and 97 cases were included in the control group and the intervention group, respectively, in the study.Both average GI and GL were similar in the two groups in the early pregnancy（P>0.05），but during middle and late pregnancy，they were much lower in the intervention group（P<0.05）．There was no significant difference in weight gain between the two groups before（26±2）weeks of gestation（P>0.05）．Compared with the control group，intervention group showed less average total weight gain，lower percentage of having excessive gestational weight gain，lower average amounts of weight gain before（34±2）weeks of gestation，and before delivery（P<0.05）．There were no significant differences in average birth weight，length and Apgar score between the two groups（P>0.05）．Conclusion　LGL dietary intervention can slow down the rate of weight gain in the middle and late pregnancy，and reduce the total gestational weight gain.

Key words: Diet；Low-glycemic load；Pregnant woman；Infant, newborn；Birth weight；Body height

凌亦可,李李,汪海晴,等. 低血糖负荷膳食干预对孕妇孕期增重及新生儿出生体质量和身长的影响[J]. 中国全科医学, 2019, 22(19): 2361-2364. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2019.00.191.
LING Yike,LI Li,WANG Haiqing, et al. Effect of Low-glycemic-load Dietary Intervention during Pregnancy on Gestational Weight Gain，Birth Weight and Length：a Randomized Controlled Trial　[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2019, 22(19): 2361-2364. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2019.00.191.

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