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           behavior change of ACP. Results Altogether,384(93.7%) individuals who returned responsive questionnaires were included
           for analysis. Among the respondents who had been involved in ACP. 42(10.9%)had "talked with family and friends about the
           medical decision maker",39(10.1%) had "talked with family and friends about medical care",23(6.0%) had "talked with
           the medical decision maker about decision-making flexibility",12(3.1%) had "asked doctors questions",but no one was
           involved in four main ACP behaviors. Two hundred and ninety-two(76.0%) respondents were in the pre-contemplation stage of
           behavior change,and 92(24.0%) were in the contemplation stage of behavior change. Of the behavior change constructs,the
           total score of the knowledge showed no significant differences by socio-demographic factors(P>0.05),but the total score of the
           contemplation differed significantly by education level,self-rated disease severity and healthcare-seeking related experience in
           recent five years(P<0.05). Stepwise multiple linear stepwise regression analysis revealed that education level,hospitalization
           experience and medical-decision making in the past five years were associated with the contemplation of behavior change construct
           (P<0.05). Conclusion Only some elderly chronic disease patients in the community had been involved in ACP,and had
           contemplated ACP behaviors. To promote patient engagement in ACP,it is suggested that medical workers should consider ACP
           as a continuous process composed of multiple behaviors rather than a single behavior during the delivery of health education,
           and guide patients to increase their understanding of ACP process based on contemplating their ACP behaviors,as well as offer
           patients targeted interventions based on their current stage of behavior change.
               【Key words】 Advance care planning;Aged;Chronic disease;Stage of behavior change;Root cause analysis;
           Trans-theoretical model


               随着我国老龄化进程的加剧,养老和临终等社会问                          1 对象与方法
           题日益突显,针对临终医疗的患者,基于患者自身意愿                            1.1 研究对象 采用便利抽样法,于 2020 年 5—7 月
           制定预立医疗照顾计划(ACP),并提供预立医疗干预,                          以河南省郑州市航海东路社区卫生服务中心辖区的 410
           应在今后的研究中给予关注和重视。ACP 是支持任何年                          例老年慢性病患者为研究对象进行问卷调查。纳入标准:
           龄或健康阶段的成年人分享个人价值观、生活目标和未                            (1)经诊断患慢性病,包括糖尿病、心血管疾病、脑
           来医疗照护偏好的过程          [1] 。老年人受到衰老及疾病的                血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病、消化系统疾病等;(2)年
           影响,认知和医疗事务的沟通决策能力下降,成为开展                            龄≥ 60 岁;(3)可独立阅读并填写问卷。排除标准:
           ACP 的重点人群。国外学者认为 ACP 是一个由多种行                        (1)功能性或器质性精神疾病患者;(2)拒绝配合者。
           为组成的持续过程,主要由 3 个行为构成:设立医疗代                          本研究已经通过郑州大学护理与健康学院伦理委员会审
           理决策者,澄清生活质量价值观,签署医疗意愿文件                     [2] 。   查(伦理审查编号:ZZURIB2020-07)。
           随着对 ACP 行为的解构,研究者发现,患者在 ACP 干                           采用样本量粗略计算公式,样本量可取变量数的
           预前可能已有相关行为。国外研究显示,从未听过 ACP                          5~10 倍 [9] 。本文采用的预立医疗照护计划参与问卷
           的老年患者也同样进行了某些 ACP 行为,例如与家人                          (ACPES)   [10] ,共包括 34 个自变量,每个自变量取 8
           讨论过自己的临终意愿           [3-4] 。为了更好地理解并促进              个样本,同时考虑 20%的无效问卷,因此本研究所需
           ACP发展,研究者将跨理论模型应用到ACP行为研究中,                         样本量为:N=34×8×(1+20%)=327。
           发现个体参与 ACP 处于行为改变的不同阶段                 [5] ,适当      1.2 研究方法
           地支持每个阶段是必要的,例如对于处于前意识阶段和                            1.2.1 问卷调查 (1)一般资料调查表。在文献回顾
           思考阶段的患者采取认知教育来提高其认知及态度,对                            基础上由研究者自行设计,包括年龄、性别、文化程度、
           于处于准备 / 行动阶段的患者帮助其识别解决参与 ACP                        人均月收入、婚姻状况、医保类型、自评疾病严重程度、
           的障碍及制定行动策略等           [6-7] 。因此,了解社区老年慢             疾病类型、宗教信仰、近 5 年内住院经历、近 5 年做医
           性病患者的 ACP 相关行为、行为改变阶段及影响因素,                         疗决定经历。(2)中文版 ACPES 问卷。此问卷由
           有助于更好地理解及量化老年患者 ACP 健康行为变化                          SUDORE 等  [10] 于 2013 年研制,用来调查社区老年患
           过程及促进因素,为开展阶段匹配的 ACP 干预时间、                          者 ACP 相关行为及所处行为改变阶段。① ACP 相关行
           方法和内容提供依据         [8] 。而目前我国老年慢性病患者                 为,包括指定代理决策人、澄清生命质量价值观、决定
           是否已有 ACP 相关行为及处于行为改变的哪一阶段,                          决策灵活性及向医生提出问题,问卷内容由此四大主题
           尚有待调查研究。因此,本研究就老年慢性病患者 ACP                          构成。②行为改变过程的主要因素。根据社会认知理论,
           相关行为现状及影响因素进行探讨,为制定针对性的                             行为改变过程的主要因素为行为的认识、对行为的思考、
           ACP 干预措施提供依据。                                       实施行为的自我效能感、做好实施行为的准备。以此形
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