
Chinese General Practice ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (25): 3631-3639.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0391
• Original Research • Previous Articles Next Articles
Received:2025-12-11
Revised:2026-04-22
Published:2026-09-05
Online:2026-08-11
Contact:
LIU Tao, TAN Shisheng
通讯作者:
刘涛, 谭诗生
作者简介:作者贡献:
李小雪提出主要研究目标,负责研究构思与设计、研究实施,撰写论文;尹丽华、苏旭、张福艳进行数据收集、整理、统计学处理、图表绘制与展示;詹清清、安芹彧进行论文修订;刘涛、谭诗生负责文章的质量控制与审查,对文章整体负责,监督管理。
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| 变量 | 高血压(n=1 140) | 非高血压(n=4 089) | χ2(Z)值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 年龄 | 85.10 | <0.001 | ||
| <60岁 | 920(80.7) | 3 704(90.6) | ||
| ≥60岁 | 220(19.3) | 385(9.4) | ||
| 性别 | 4.68 | 0.031 | ||
| 男 | 546(47.9) | 1 811(44.3) | ||
| 女 | 594(52.1) | 2 278(55.7) | ||
| 居住地 | 4.67 | 0.031 | ||
| 城市 | 353(31.0) | 1 406(34.4) | ||
| 农村 | 787(69.0) | 2 683(65.5) | ||
| 民族 | 3.68 | 0.055 | ||
| 汉族 | 683(59.9) | 2 320(56.7) | ||
| 少数民族 | 457(40.1) | 1 769(43.3) | ||
| 受教育程度 | 74.11 | <0.001 | ||
| 未接受正规教育 | 292(25.6) | 715(17.5) | ||
| 初中及以下 | 730(64.0) | 2 750(67.3) | ||
| 高中及以上 | 118(10.4) | 624(15.2) | ||
| 职业 | 42.23 | <0.001 | ||
| 体力劳动 | 991(86.9) | 3 292(80.5) | ||
| 脑力劳动 | 101(8.9) | 555(13.6) | ||
| 无业/退休 | 48(4.2) | 242(5.9) | ||
| 吸烟 | 9.16 | 0.002 | ||
| 否 | 795(69.7) | 3 035(74.2) | ||
| 是 | 345(30.3) | 1 054(25.8) | ||
| 饮酒 | 1.70 | 0.193 | ||
| 否 | 830(72.8) | 3 055(74.7) | ||
| 是 | 310(27.2) | 1 034(25.3) | ||
| BMI分级 | 16.40 | 0.001 | ||
| 轻体质量 | 59(5.2) | 269(6.6) | ||
| 正常 | 725(63.7) | 2 729(66.9) | ||
| 超重 | 282(24.8) | 911(22.3) | ||
| 肥胖 | 73(6.4) | 169(4.1) | ||
| 糖尿病a | 1.63 | 0.201 | ||
| 否 | 1 051(92.8) | 3 827(93.9) | ||
| 是 | 81(7.2) | 249(6.1) | ||
| 血脂异常 | 0.75 | 0.386 | ||
| 否 | 511(44.8) | 1 892(46.3) | ||
| 是 | 629(55.2) | 2 197(53.7) | ||
| PAL (MET-hours/day) | 60.0 (20.0,160.0) | 64.0 (20.0,166.3) | -0.08b | 0.940 |
Table 1 General characteristics of the hypertensive and non-hypertensive groups
| 变量 | 高血压(n=1 140) | 非高血压(n=4 089) | χ2(Z)值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 年龄 | 85.10 | <0.001 | ||
| <60岁 | 920(80.7) | 3 704(90.6) | ||
| ≥60岁 | 220(19.3) | 385(9.4) | ||
| 性别 | 4.68 | 0.031 | ||
| 男 | 546(47.9) | 1 811(44.3) | ||
| 女 | 594(52.1) | 2 278(55.7) | ||
| 居住地 | 4.67 | 0.031 | ||
| 城市 | 353(31.0) | 1 406(34.4) | ||
| 农村 | 787(69.0) | 2 683(65.5) | ||
| 民族 | 3.68 | 0.055 | ||
| 汉族 | 683(59.9) | 2 320(56.7) | ||
| 少数民族 | 457(40.1) | 1 769(43.3) | ||
| 受教育程度 | 74.11 | <0.001 | ||
| 未接受正规教育 | 292(25.6) | 715(17.5) | ||
| 初中及以下 | 730(64.0) | 2 750(67.3) | ||
| 高中及以上 | 118(10.4) | 624(15.2) | ||
| 职业 | 42.23 | <0.001 | ||
| 体力劳动 | 991(86.9) | 3 292(80.5) | ||
| 脑力劳动 | 101(8.9) | 555(13.6) | ||
| 无业/退休 | 48(4.2) | 242(5.9) | ||
| 吸烟 | 9.16 | 0.002 | ||
| 否 | 795(69.7) | 3 035(74.2) | ||
| 是 | 345(30.3) | 1 054(25.8) | ||
| 饮酒 | 1.70 | 0.193 | ||
| 否 | 830(72.8) | 3 055(74.7) | ||
| 是 | 310(27.2) | 1 034(25.3) | ||
| BMI分级 | 16.40 | 0.001 | ||
| 轻体质量 | 59(5.2) | 269(6.6) | ||
| 正常 | 725(63.7) | 2 729(66.9) | ||
| 超重 | 282(24.8) | 911(22.3) | ||
| 肥胖 | 73(6.4) | 169(4.1) | ||
| 糖尿病a | 1.63 | 0.201 | ||
| 否 | 1 051(92.8) | 3 827(93.9) | ||
| 是 | 81(7.2) | 249(6.1) | ||
| 血脂异常 | 0.75 | 0.386 | ||
| 否 | 511(44.8) | 1 892(46.3) | ||
| 是 | 629(55.2) | 2 197(53.7) | ||
| PAL (MET-hours/day) | 60.0 (20.0,160.0) | 64.0 (20.0,166.3) | -0.08b | 0.940 |
| 食物 | 分值范围 | -12~ -11分 | -10~ -9分 | -8~-7分 | -6~-5分 | -4~-3分 | -2~-1分 | 0分 | 1~2分 | 3~4分 | 5~6分 | 7~8分 | 9~10分 | 11~12分 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 谷类 | -12~12分 | 21(0.4) | 27(0.5) | 47(0.9) | 78(1.5) | 155(3.0) | 174(3.3) | 321(6.1) | 405(7.7) | 445(8.5) | 540(10.3) | 409(7.8) | 398(7.6) | 2 209(42.4) |
| 蔬菜 | -6~0分 | 287(5.5) | 1 164(22.3) | 1 420(27.2) | 2 358(45.0) | |||||||||
| 水果 | -6~0分 | 3 287(62.9) | 1 426(27.3) | 344(6.6) | 172(3.2) | |||||||||
| 奶类 | -6~0分 | 4 919(94.1) | 172(3.3) | 124(2.4) | 14(0.2) | |||||||||
| 豆类 | -6~0分 | 1 727(33.0) | 811(15.5) | 641(12.3) | 2 050(39.2) | |||||||||
| 肉类 | -4~4分 | 564(10.8) | 1 282(24.5) | 595(11.4) | 890(17.0) | 1 898(36.3) | ||||||||
| 水产品 | -4~0分 | 4 876(93.2) | 251(4.8) | 102(2.0) | ||||||||||
| 蛋类 | -4~4分 | 3 396(64.9) | 1 271(24.3) | 334(6.4) | 109(2.1) | 119(2.3) | ||||||||
| 食用油 | 0~6分 | 1 277(24.4) | 1 385(26.5) | 814(15.6) | 1 753(33.5) | |||||||||
| 酒精 | 0~6分 | 4 844(92.6) | 246(4.7) | 79(1.5) | 60(1.2) | |||||||||
| 添加糖 | 0~6分 | 5 161(98.7) | 43(0.8) | 8(0.2) | 17(0.3) | |||||||||
| 盐 | 0~6分 | 857(16.4) | 2 607(49.9) | 911(17.4) | 854(16.3) | |||||||||
| 食物种类 | -12~0分 | 0 | 20(0.4) | 343(6.6) | 2 486(47.5) | 2 082(39.8) | 270(5.2) | 28(0.5) |
Table 2 Component scores and percentage distribution of participants for DBI_22
| 食物 | 分值范围 | -12~ -11分 | -10~ -9分 | -8~-7分 | -6~-5分 | -4~-3分 | -2~-1分 | 0分 | 1~2分 | 3~4分 | 5~6分 | 7~8分 | 9~10分 | 11~12分 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 谷类 | -12~12分 | 21(0.4) | 27(0.5) | 47(0.9) | 78(1.5) | 155(3.0) | 174(3.3) | 321(6.1) | 405(7.7) | 445(8.5) | 540(10.3) | 409(7.8) | 398(7.6) | 2 209(42.4) |
| 蔬菜 | -6~0分 | 287(5.5) | 1 164(22.3) | 1 420(27.2) | 2 358(45.0) | |||||||||
| 水果 | -6~0分 | 3 287(62.9) | 1 426(27.3) | 344(6.6) | 172(3.2) | |||||||||
| 奶类 | -6~0分 | 4 919(94.1) | 172(3.3) | 124(2.4) | 14(0.2) | |||||||||
| 豆类 | -6~0分 | 1 727(33.0) | 811(15.5) | 641(12.3) | 2 050(39.2) | |||||||||
| 肉类 | -4~4分 | 564(10.8) | 1 282(24.5) | 595(11.4) | 890(17.0) | 1 898(36.3) | ||||||||
| 水产品 | -4~0分 | 4 876(93.2) | 251(4.8) | 102(2.0) | ||||||||||
| 蛋类 | -4~4分 | 3 396(64.9) | 1 271(24.3) | 334(6.4) | 109(2.1) | 119(2.3) | ||||||||
| 食用油 | 0~6分 | 1 277(24.4) | 1 385(26.5) | 814(15.6) | 1 753(33.5) | |||||||||
| 酒精 | 0~6分 | 4 844(92.6) | 246(4.7) | 79(1.5) | 60(1.2) | |||||||||
| 添加糖 | 0~6分 | 5 161(98.7) | 43(0.8) | 8(0.2) | 17(0.3) | |||||||||
| 盐 | 0~6分 | 857(16.4) | 2 607(49.9) | 911(17.4) | 854(16.3) | |||||||||
| 食物种类 | -12~0分 | 0 | 20(0.4) | 343(6.6) | 2 486(47.5) | 2 082(39.8) | 270(5.2) | 28(0.5) |
| 指标 | 例数 | 评分[M(P25,P75),分] | 膳食质量[名(%)] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 无问题 | 几乎无问题 | 低度 | 中度 | 高度 | |||
| HBS | |||||||
| 总体 | 5 229 | 15(10,19) | 28(0.5) | 1 169(22.4) | 2 515(48.1) | 1 425(27.3) | 92(1.7) |
| 高血压组 | 4 089 | 15(10,20) | 24(0.6) | 911(22.3) | 1 982(48.5) | 1 104(27.0) | 68(1.6) |
| 非高血压组 | 1 140 | 15(10,19) | 4(0.4) | 258(22.6) | 533(46.8) | 321(28.2) | 24(2.0) |
| LBS | |||||||
| 总体 | 5 229 | 26(22,30) | 0 | 112(2.1) | 2 047(39.1) | 2 836(54.2) | 234(4.6) |
| 高血压组 | 4 089 | 26(22,31) | 0 | 95(2.3) | 1 600(39.1) | 2 216(54.2) | 178(4.4) |
| 非高血压组 | 1 140 | 26(22,30) | 0 | 447(1.5) | 620(39.2) | 620(54.4) | 56(4.9) |
| DQD | |||||||
| 总体 | 5 229 | 40(36,46) | 0 | 8(0.2) | 1 073(20.5) | 3 617(69.2) | 531(10.1) |
| 高血压组 | 4 089 | 41(36,46) | 0 | 6(0.1) | 856(20.9) | 2 812(68.8) | 415(10.2) |
| 非高血压组 | 1 140 | 40(35,46) | 0 | 2(0.2) | 217(19.0) | 805(70.6) | 116(10.2) |
Table 3 DBI_22 component scores and dietary quality distribution among survey participants
| 指标 | 例数 | 评分[M(P25,P75),分] | 膳食质量[名(%)] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 无问题 | 几乎无问题 | 低度 | 中度 | 高度 | |||
| HBS | |||||||
| 总体 | 5 229 | 15(10,19) | 28(0.5) | 1 169(22.4) | 2 515(48.1) | 1 425(27.3) | 92(1.7) |
| 高血压组 | 4 089 | 15(10,20) | 24(0.6) | 911(22.3) | 1 982(48.5) | 1 104(27.0) | 68(1.6) |
| 非高血压组 | 1 140 | 15(10,19) | 4(0.4) | 258(22.6) | 533(46.8) | 321(28.2) | 24(2.0) |
| LBS | |||||||
| 总体 | 5 229 | 26(22,30) | 0 | 112(2.1) | 2 047(39.1) | 2 836(54.2) | 234(4.6) |
| 高血压组 | 4 089 | 26(22,31) | 0 | 95(2.3) | 1 600(39.1) | 2 216(54.2) | 178(4.4) |
| 非高血压组 | 1 140 | 26(22,30) | 0 | 447(1.5) | 620(39.2) | 620(54.4) | 56(4.9) |
| DQD | |||||||
| 总体 | 5 229 | 40(36,46) | 0 | 8(0.2) | 1 073(20.5) | 3 617(69.2) | 531(10.1) |
| 高血压组 | 4 089 | 41(36,46) | 0 | 6(0.1) | 856(20.9) | 2 812(68.8) | 415(10.2) |
| 非高血压组 | 1 140 | 40(35,46) | 0 | 2(0.2) | 217(19.0) | 805(70.6) | 116(10.2) |
| 变量 | 人数 | 发病人数 | 发病密度(/1 000人年) | 模型1 | 模型2 | 模型3 | Ptrend值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HBS分组 | 0.011 | ||||||
| Q1组 | 1 408 | 308 | 30.73 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Q2组 | 1 395 | 292 | 29.54 | 0.93(0.80~1.10) | 0.96(0.82~1.13) | 0.96(0.82~1.13) | |
| Q3组 | 1 142 | 253 | 32.03 | 1.08(0.91~1.27) | 1.12(0.95~1.32) | 1.14(0.96~1.35) | |
| Q4组 | 1 284 | 287 | 33.20 | 1.22(1.04~1.43)a | 1.25(1.06~1.46)a | 1.20(1.02~1.42)a | |
| LBS分组 | 0.675 | ||||||
| Q1组 | 1 568 | 336 | 31.16 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Q2组 | 1 241 | 267 | 30.46 | 0.92(0.78~1.08) | 0.89(0.77~1.05) | 0.88(0.75~1.04) | |
| Q3组 | 1 147 | 247 | 30.79 | 0.98(0.83~1.16) | 0.94(0.80~1.11) | 0.90(0.76~1.07) | |
| Q4组 | 1 273 | 290 | 32.66 | 1.10(0.94~1.29) | 1.01(0.86~1.18) | 0.97(0.82~1.15) | |
| DQD分组 | 0.006 | ||||||
| Q1组 | 1 490 | 301 | 28.59 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Q2组 | 1 128 | 253 | 31.85 | 1.12(0.94~1.32) | 1.11(0.94~1.31) | 1.06(0.90~1.26) | |
| Q3组 | 1 477 | 322 | 31.43 | 1.17(1.00~1.37)a | 1.14(0.98~1.34) | 1.09(0.93~1.28) | |
| Q4组 | 1 134 | 264 | 34.14 | 1.39(1.17~1.64)a | 1.31(1.11~1.55)a | 1.27(1.08~1.51)a |
Table 4 Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis of the association between DBI_22 score and hypertension
| 变量 | 人数 | 发病人数 | 发病密度(/1 000人年) | 模型1 | 模型2 | 模型3 | Ptrend值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HBS分组 | 0.011 | ||||||
| Q1组 | 1 408 | 308 | 30.73 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Q2组 | 1 395 | 292 | 29.54 | 0.93(0.80~1.10) | 0.96(0.82~1.13) | 0.96(0.82~1.13) | |
| Q3组 | 1 142 | 253 | 32.03 | 1.08(0.91~1.27) | 1.12(0.95~1.32) | 1.14(0.96~1.35) | |
| Q4组 | 1 284 | 287 | 33.20 | 1.22(1.04~1.43)a | 1.25(1.06~1.46)a | 1.20(1.02~1.42)a | |
| LBS分组 | 0.675 | ||||||
| Q1组 | 1 568 | 336 | 31.16 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Q2组 | 1 241 | 267 | 30.46 | 0.92(0.78~1.08) | 0.89(0.77~1.05) | 0.88(0.75~1.04) | |
| Q3组 | 1 147 | 247 | 30.79 | 0.98(0.83~1.16) | 0.94(0.80~1.11) | 0.90(0.76~1.07) | |
| Q4组 | 1 273 | 290 | 32.66 | 1.10(0.94~1.29) | 1.01(0.86~1.18) | 0.97(0.82~1.15) | |
| DQD分组 | 0.006 | ||||||
| Q1组 | 1 490 | 301 | 28.59 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Q2组 | 1 128 | 253 | 31.85 | 1.12(0.94~1.32) | 1.11(0.94~1.31) | 1.06(0.90~1.26) | |
| Q3组 | 1 477 | 322 | 31.43 | 1.17(1.00~1.37)a | 1.14(0.98~1.34) | 1.09(0.93~1.28) | |
| Q4组 | 1 134 | 264 | 34.14 | 1.39(1.17~1.64)a | 1.31(1.11~1.55)a | 1.27(1.08~1.51)a |
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