Lung cancer is the most leading cause of global cancer mortality, underscores the critical importance of early screening and intervention to improve the prognosis and survival time and the overall survival rates of patients. For decades, lung cancer screening guidelines have been continuously updated based on the developed evidence. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has comprehensively updated the recommendations for lung cancer screening in the 2021 version of guideline, assessed the balance of benefits and harms of lung cancer screening through a systematic review and collaborative modeling studies, and scrutinized the performance of tests using low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for lung cancer screening. The guideline provides latest information on the start and finish time of lung cancer screening, optimal screening intervals, the relative benefits and risks of different screening strategies and updated recommendations. This article aims to interpret the updated guideline and provide recommendations for lung cancer screening in China, taking into account the epidemiology of lung cancer at home and abroad, reports on risk factors, summaries of updates to current guidelines or expert consensus, and the current status of screening.

肺癌是全球范围内死亡率最高的癌症，早期筛查和早期治疗对于改善患者预后、延长患者生存时间以及提高总体生存率至关重要。10余年来，肺癌筛查指南不断根据最新证据进行更新。美国预防临床服务指南工作组（USPSTF）在2021年版肺癌筛查推荐中全面更新了肺癌筛查的相关推荐意见，并通过一项系统性回顾和协作建模研究，全面评估了肺癌筛查益处和危害的平衡，并对使用低剂量计算机断层扫描（LDCT）进行肺癌筛查的测试性能进行了仔细考量，提供了关于肺癌筛查的开始和结束时间、最佳筛查时间间隔以及不同筛查策略的相对益处和风险的最新信息，更新了肺癌筛查的相关推荐意见。本文旨在对该推荐更新情况进行解读，结合国内外的肺癌流行病学、危险因素相关报道、现行指南或专家共识更新概要以及筛查现状，为我国肺癌筛查提供参考建议。