Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In April 2022, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) updated and published recommendations on aspirin use to prevent CVD based on the latest evidence-based research results. The USPSTF recommends against initiating low-dose aspirin use for the primary prevention of CVD in adults aged 60 years and above. The decision to initiate low-dose aspirin use for the primary prevention of CVD in adults aged 40 to 59 years who have a 10% or greater 10-year CVD risk should be an individual one based on shared decision-making between clinicians and patients about the potential benefits and harms. This paper aims to interpret the latest recommendations in the context of China's actual situation, providing a reference on aspirin use to prevent CVD in China.

心血管疾病是全球范围内导致死亡的主要原因之一。2022年4月美国预防临床服务指南工作组（USPSTF）基于最新循证研究结果更新并发布了《阿司匹林用于预防心血管疾病的推荐声明》，不推荐≥60岁的成年人启用低剂量阿司匹林进行心血管疾病一级预防，对于10年心血管疾病风险≥10%的40~59岁成年人应该基于医患共同决策，权衡潜在益处和危害后进行个体化决策。本文结合我国实际，对该最新推荐予以解读，为我国阿司匹林用于心血管疾病的一级预防提供参考。