Previous research has indicated that adolescence is associated with physiological changes in sleep patterns. And there are significant variations in sleep duration among adolescents from different regions. Chinese adolescents face short sleep durations and intense academic pressures, which can lead to insomnia and affect their physical and mental health development.

To systematically review the assessment tools and influencing factors of insomnia in Chinese adolescents, and provide guidance for future research in this field.

Initiated in October 2022, this study conducted a systematic search in 5 databases: Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and VIP Database. Two researchers screened articles related to insomnia in Chinese adolescents aged 12 to 18. And then they extracted the following information independently: authors, publication year, region, type of research design, size of study sample, assessment tools, prevalence, and influencing factors.

A total of 1 440 articles were retrieved from the databases, with 39 articles ultimately included in the study-34 in English and 5 in Chinese-covering 23 studies. The sample sizes ranged from 62 to 33 692. Cross-sectional studies were the most common method (15 studies) among the included research. Analysis revealed that the 23 studies utilized 8 kinds of insomnia assessment tools. Only 1 study provided objectively measured sleep features. Three studies involved localized assessment or development of 5 self-report tools, and provided reliability and validity data. The internal consistency of the 5 tools ranged from 0.50 to 0.83, test-retest reliability after two weeks ranged from 0.40 to 0.82, and area under the curve ranged from 0.79 to 0.85. The influencing factors of insomnia in Chinese adolescents were diverse and complicated, which included demographic factors (age, gender, etc.), physiological factors (genetics, health status, etc.), psychological factors (anxiety, depression, etc.), and behavioral factors (exercise, smoking, etc.) .

The assessment tools and influencing factors of insomnia in Chinese adolescents are diverse. However, there is insufficient validation of the reliability and validity of the assessment tools. Few studies have provided objectively measured sleep features of insomnia in Chinese adolescents. And the causal relationship between insomnia and its influencing factors remains unclear. Further research is still required in the future.

前期研究发现，青春期与睡眠的生理变化有关，且不同地区的青少年睡眠时间存在明显差异，中国青少年睡眠时间少、学习压力大，容易遭受失眠的困扰，进而影响身心健康发展。

系统梳理中国青少年失眠的评估工具和影响因素，为该领域未来的研究提供方向。

本研究于2022年10月开展，系统检索Web of Science Core Collection、PubMed、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网5个数据库，检索时间为建库至2023年3月1日。由两名研究者独立筛选12~18岁中国青少年失眠的有关文章，并提取文章中的作者、发表年份、地区、研究类型、样本量、评估工具、患病率和影响因素信息。

通过检索数据库获得文献1 440篇，最终纳入符合要求的文献39篇，包括英文文献34篇、中文文献5篇，共涉及23项研究，样本量为62~33 692，研究类型以横截面研究为主（15项）。23项研究共使用8种失眠评估工具；1项研究提供了失眠的客观测量数据；3项研究涉及量表本土化评估或开发；共检验了5种自评工具并提供了信效度数据，其内部一致性信度为0.50~0.83，2周后重测信度为0.40~0.82，受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.79~0.85。中国青少年失眠的影响因素复杂而多样，包括人口学因素（年龄、性别等）、生理因素（遗传、身体健康状况等）、心理因素（焦虑、抑郁等）及行为因素（运动、吸烟等）。

中国青少年失眠评估工具种类多样且影响因素复杂，目前对评估工具的信效度检验不足，失眠的客观测量数据匮乏，失眠与影响因素的因果关系尚未明确，未来仍需进一步研究。