Insomnia is the most prevalent sleep disorders encountered in clinical practice. Epidemiological surveys indicate that the global prevalence of insomnia in the general population remains persistently high, a trend similarly observed in China, where the condition is closely associated with factors such as age, sex, and stressful life events. While both modern medicine and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) offer systematic accounts of the diagnosis and comorbidities of insomnia, these two frameworks have yet to be systematically integrated. This article provides a comprehensive review of current knowledge and recent advances in the epidemiological characteristics, and comorbidities of insomnia from both the Western and TCM perspectives. It examines the intersections and interrelations between these two distinct diagnostic and evaluative paradigms, proposing that conceptual correspondences and theoretical complementarities exist between them, although these require further validation through modern evidence-based approaches. The integration of Chinese and Western medicine enables cross-referencing in the diagnosis and management of insomnia, allows for a shared epidemiological risk-factor framework, and offers complementary advantages "particularly in the management of comorbidities" thus providing clinicians with a more comprehensive and integrated strategy for diagnosis and treatment.

失眠是临床最为常见的睡眠问题之一。流行病学调查显示，全球普通人群的失眠患病率长期处于较高水平，我国人群亦是如此，失眠发病与年龄、性别、应激事件等因素密切相关。现代医学与中国传统医学针对失眠的诊断及共病问题均有系统阐释，但现阶段二者缺少系统性整合。本文梳理归纳中西医对于失眠流行病学特征及共病的认识及研究进展，剖析两类诊疗思路在失眠诊断-评估层面的交叉联系；认为二者具有潜在的概念对应关系与理论互补性，但尚待循证医学研究加以验证。失眠的中西医诊疗可互为借鉴、共用流行病学危险因素分析框架，在共病管理层面优势互补，由此为临床提供更为综合、完善的诊疗思路。