Exercise is closely associated with the prognosis management of chronic diseases. Against the backdrop of limitations such as time and venue constraints in traditional exercise interventions, the practical challenge of insufficient adherence exists in exercise management for chronic disease populations. Existing studies indicate that exercise snacks, as a flexible, short-duration, moderate-to-high-intensity novel physical activity model, hold potential application prospects in chronic disease management. However, there remains a lack of systematic summary regarding their intervention protocols, applicability, and safety in chronic disease populations.

To conduct a scoping review of research on the application of exercise snacks in chronic disease populations, in order to inform future practice and research in this field.

Guided by the methodological framework of the scoping review, literature was searched in CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Embase from inception to December 2025. The included studies were summarized and analyzed.

A total of 12 studies were included, with study populations mainly comprising individuals with diabetes and those with overweight/obesity. The results showed that the intervention modalities of exercise snacks mainly included stair climbing, bodyweight exercises, resistance training, balance exercises, and cycling. The intervention settings were primarily laboratory and home environments. The duration of each exercise bout ranged mainly from 15 seconds to 10 minutes. Exercise frequency varied across studies, but generally involved multiple dispersed bouts per day, and the prescribed intensity was mainly moderate to high. The outcome measures mainly included blood glucose, insulin, blood pressure, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical function, psychological status, health-related quality of life, exercise adherence, etc.

Exercise snacks demonstrate good feasibility and application potential in chronic disease populations. Future research should expand study populations and settings, validate their sustainable health benefits through multicenter long-term studies, and explore integrating exercise snacks into primary care chronic disease management, thereby providing a more comprehensive basis for exercise management in Chinese chronic disease populations.

运动与慢性病的预后管理密切相关。在传统运动干预面临时间和场地等限制的背景下，慢性病人群的运动管理存在依从性不足的现实挑战。现有研究显示，"零食式锻炼"作为一种灵活、短时、中高强度的新型身体活动模式，在慢性病管理中具有潜在的应用前景，但目前其在慢性病人群中应用的干预方案、适用性和安全性尚缺乏系统总结。

对"零食式锻炼"在慢性病人群中的应用研究进行范围综述，为该领域的实践和相关研究提供借鉴。

采用范围综述的方法学框架为指导，检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Web of Science、CINAHL、Cochrane Library、Embase数据库中有关"零食式锻炼"在慢性病人群中的干预研究。检索时限为建库至2025年12月。对纳入的文献进行汇总和分析。

最终纳入12篇文献，研究对象主要集中在糖尿病和超重/肥胖人群。研究结果显示，"零食式锻炼"的干预形式主要包括爬楼梯、自重训练、阻力训练、平衡练习、骑自行车等；干预场所主要为实验室和家庭环境，单次运动时间集中在15 s~10 min；各研究采用的运动频率存在差异，整体以每日多次的分散运动为主，规定强度集中在中高强度。结局指标主要包括血糖、胰岛素、血压、身体成分、心肺功能、身体功能、心理状态、健康相关生活质量、运动依从性等。

"零食式锻炼"在慢性病人群中展现出较好的可行性与应用潜力，未来应扩大慢性病研究人群与研究场景，通过多中心长期研究验证其可持续健康效益，并探索将"零食式锻炼"融入基层慢病管理实践，以期为我国慢性病人群的运动管理提供更全面的依据。