Abstract:

Hyperkalemia is a common clinical problem, and risk factors for its occurrence include having kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and taking medications that affect serum potassium. Mainly presenting with cardiac and neuromuscular symptoms, it can also lead to serious cardiac arrhythmias. Therapeutically, the choice of drug or dialysis treatment should be guided by the serum potassium level and the severity of clinical manifestations. Multiple novel oral potassium lowering drugs have emerged in recent years, promising to change the treatment paradigm of hyperkalaemia. In this paper, the epidemiology, diagnosis, cause, prevention, and treatment of hyperkalemia associated with comorbid risk factors were reviewed in combination with the literature, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the related diagnosis and treatment of hyperkalemia associated with combined risk factors.

Key words: Hyperkalemia, Risk factors, Diagnosis, Treatment, Review

摘要：

高钾血症是临床上的常见问题，其发生的危险因素包括患有肾脏疾病、心血管疾病、糖尿病以及服用影响血钾的药物等。主要表现为心脏和神经肌肉症状，也可导致严重的心律失常。治疗上需以血钾水平和临床表现的严重程度为指导来选择药物或透析治疗。近年来涌现出多种新型口服降血钾药物，有望改变高钾血症的治疗模式。本文结合文献，对合并危险因素的高钾血症的流行病学、诊断、发病原因、预防和治疗等进行综述，以期为合并危险因素的高钾血症的相关诊疗提供理论依据。

关键词: 高钾血症, 危险因素, 诊断, 治疗, 综述