The prevalence of sleep problems continues to rise worldwide, and more and more people have sleep problems, covering all types of sleep disorders, which not only seriously affect the daytime function and quality of life of patients, but also are closely related to a variety of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cognitive impairment. As a primary medical service focusing on the diagnosis, treatment and health management of common diseases, frequently-occurring diseases and chronic diseases, general practitioners, as the "gatekeeper" of primary medical services, occupy a key position in the early screening, diagnosis, intervention and prevention of sleep problems. Based on the interpretation of the Guidelines for Preventive Activities in General Practice (10th Edition) issued by the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP), this paper explores the relationship between sleep disorders and related diseases, focusing on the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and sleep disorders. It is of significance for general practitioners to identify the appropriate intervention strategies and contents, to clarify the key links of general intervention for sleep disorders, and to apply cognitive behavioral therapy to improve sleep health.

睡眠问题流行率在全球范围内持续攀升，越来越多的人出现睡眠问题，涵盖各种类型的睡眠障碍，不仅严重影响患者的日间功能和生活质量，还与心血管疾病、认知障碍等多种慢性疾病密切相关。全科医学作为以常见病、多发病及慢性病的诊治与健康管理为主的基层医疗，全科医生作为基层医疗服务的"守门人"，在睡眠问题的早期筛查、诊断、干预及预防中占据关键位置。本文通过解读澳大利亚全科医生学会（RACGP）发布的《全科医学的预防活动指南（第10版）》，以基层实践为导向，深入探讨睡眠障碍及相关疾病的预防活动，重点剖析阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停与睡眠障碍的关系，全科医生如何识别恰当的预防策略和内容，明确睡眠障碍全科预防的关键环节以及认知行为疗法的应用，对睡眠健康水平的提升意义重大。