Abstract: Under the dual impetus of the "Healthy China" strategy and the development of artificial intelligence (AI), general practitioners are undergoing a profound role transformation. Their functions are no longer confined to traditional basic diagnosis and chronic disease management but are evolving into a composite role that integrates digital-intelligent health management, information synthesis, and multidisciplinary collaboration. This transformation permeates the four primary aspects of the general practitioner profession—clinical practice, education, research, and administration—and is significantly enhancing the efficiency and accessibility of chronic disease management, early screening, and telemedicine services through AI empowerment. However, the transition is also accompanied by multiple practical challenges, including the potential weakening of individual clinical competencies, ambiguities in data security and accountability, the digital divide at the grassroots level, and issues of technological adaptability. Looking ahead, building a sustainable smart primary care ecosystem is essential. This requires adhering to a people-centered approach, strengthening policy support, and promoting multi-stakeholder collaboration to support general practitioners in successfully advancing toward a digital-intelligent future, ultimately achieving high-quality and equitable universal health coverage.

Key words: General practitioners, Artificial intelligence, Role transition, Primary care services

摘要： 在“健康中国”战略与人工智能（AI）发展的双重驱动下，全科医生正迎来深刻的角色转型，其职能不再局限于传统的基本诊疗和慢性病管理，而转变为融合了数智化的健康管理、信息整合与多学科协作的复合型角色。这一变革贯穿于全科医生职业的医疗、教学、科研及管理 4 个主要方面，并通过 AI 赋能显著提升了全科医生慢性病管理、早期筛查及远程医疗的服务效率与可及性。然而，转型过程也伴随着全科医生的个体临床能力弱化、数据安全与责任界定模糊、基层数字鸿沟以及技术适配性等多重现实挑战。面向未来，构建一个可持续的智慧基层生态至关重要，需坚持以人为本、强化政策支撑并推动多方协同，从而支持全科医生成功迈向数智化未来，最终实现优质、公平的全民健康覆盖。

关键词: 全科医生, 人工智能, 角色转型, 基层医疗服务