Chinese General Practice ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (25): 3584-3592.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0402

Special Issue: 社区卫生服务最新研究合辑

• General Practice/Community Health Service·Focus on Health Service Utilization • Previous Articles     Next Articles

The Relationship between the Operational Environment and Characteristics of Primary Healthcare Institutions and the Utilization of Primary Healthcare Services: Identifying Potential Intervention Points Based on Integrated Evidence and Empirical Data from Case City

  

  1. 1. Talent Division, Beijing Municipal Health Commission, Beijing 101117, China
    2. Peking University China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
  • Received:2026-03-09 Revised:2026-05-28 Published:2026-09-05 Online:2026-08-11
  • Contact: YUAN Beibei

基层医疗卫生机构运行环境和机构特征与其服务利用量的关系:基于整合证据和案例地区实证数据寻找潜在干预点

  

  1. 1.101117 北京市卫生健康委员会人才处
    2.100191 北京市,北京大学中国卫生发展研究中心
  • 通讯作者: 袁蓓蓓
  • 作者简介:

    作者贡献:

    杨智凯负责研究的实施,进行数据收集与整理、统计学处理、图表绘制与展示,撰写论文;杨智凯、袁蓓蓓提出主要研究目标,进行研究构思与设计、论文修订,对论文整体负责。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(72274006)

Abstract:

Background

The establishment of a primary care-oriented healthcare system is crucial to enhancing the performance and sustainability of China's healthcare system. However, the relatively low utilization of primary care services remains a central barrier to the implementation of a tiered healthcare system.

Objective

Identify the institutional operational and environmental characteristics associated with the level of primary care service utilization, thereby providing policy recommendations for optimizing primary care.

Methods

A search of CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Web of Science, and PubMed databases up to December 2022 yielded 245 Chinese and English empirical studies. These literatures were included to sort out influencing factors by referencing the WHO's six-building-block health system framework and the Andersen Behavioral Model of Health Services Use. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to analyze cross-sectional data from 153 primary care institutions in a case city in Shandong Province in 2021, sourced from financial reports, statistical yearbooks, and institutional questionnaires, to examine the correlations between institutional operational and environmental characteristics and the utilization of primary care services.

Results

The review showed that primary care service utilization is influenced by four categories of factors: supply-side, demand-side, health system, and social environment. The structural equation modeling analysis showed that the model had an explanatory power (R2) of 0.489 and a predictive relevance (Q2) of 0.158. Healthcare service capacity (β=0.471, P<0.001), public health service quality (β=0.266, P=0.037), residents' health literacy (β=0.328, P<0.001), residents' health status (β=0.187, P=0.041), and geographical accessibility of primary care services (β=0.270, P=0.003) were significantly positively correlated with the utilization of primary care services, while participation in a regional medical alliance was significantly negatively correlated (β=-0.468, P=0.023).

Conclusion

To promote primary care utilization, rational resource allocation and improved geographical accessibility should form the foundation. Service delivery must prioritize strengthening clinical capacity for managing common diseases and advance the integration of medical and preventive care. The development of medical alliances requires the establishment of mechanisms for shared benefits and risks across institutional levels to promote the utilization of primary healthcare services. Concurrently, continuous efforts are needed to elevate residents' health literacy and overall health status.

Key words: Utilization of healthcare services, Primary healthcare institution, Influencing factors, Structural equation modeling

摘要:

背景

建设以基层为核心的卫生服务体系对增强卫生服务体系绩效和可持续发展有重要意义,但我国基层卫生服务的相对利用水平较低,已成为分级诊疗实现的核心障碍。

目的

识别与基层卫生服务利用量相关的机构运行环境及机构特征,为优化基层卫生服务提供政策建议。

方法

于2022年12月,检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网、Web of Science、PubMed数据库,纳入与基层卫生服务利用相关的中/英文实证研究245篇,参考WHO卫生体系六模块框架与安德森卫生服务利用模型归纳影响因素。实证研究部分采用横断面设计,基于山东省某案例市2021年153家基层医疗卫生机构的财务报表、统计年鉴及机构问卷调查数据,运用偏最小二乘结构方程模型分析机构运行特征及环境特征与基层卫生服务利用的关系。

结果

系统综述结果显示,基层卫生服务利用受供方、需方、卫生体系及社会环境4类因素影响。实证研究的结构方程模型解释力(R2)为0.489,预测相关性(Q2)为0.158,结果显示:医疗卫生服务能力(β=0.471,P<0.001)、公共卫生服务质量(β=0.266,P=0.037)、居民健康素养(β=0.328,P<0.001)、居民健康水平(β=0.187,P=0.041)、基层卫生服务地理可及性(β=0.270,P=0.003)与基层卫生服务利用呈显著正相关,医联体参与与基层卫生服务利用呈显著负相关(β=-0.468,P=0.023)。

结论

为促进基层卫生服务利用,合理布局基层卫生资源、提高基层卫生服务地理可及性是基础;服务功能上需优先加强基层医疗解决居民常见病患的服务能力,在此基础上促进医防融合;医共体建设需有上下利益捆绑机制才能实现基层相对服务量的提升;供方干预的同时需持续提升居民健康素养和健康水平。

关键词: 卫生服务利用, 基层医疗卫生机构, 影响因素, 结构方程模型