
Chinese General Practice ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (15): 2077-2083.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0299
• Epidemiological Study • Previous Articles Next Articles
Received:2025-08-15
Revised:2025-11-28
Published:2026-05-20
Online:2026-04-14
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GU Xufang
通讯作者:
谷旭放
作者简介:甄锐负责文章的构思与设计、研究资料的收集与整理、论文撰写;谷旭放、高晟玮、张博文负责论文修订、文章的质量控制及审校,对文章整体负责,监督管理;任真娟、杨睿璇负责图标的编辑、整理以及校对。
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| 时间 | 总人群 | 女性 | 男性 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| APC(AAPC)(95%CI)(%) | P值 | APC(AAPC)(95%CI)(%) | P值 | APC(AAPC)(95%CI)(%) | P值 | |
| 1990—2021年 | 2.22(2.15~2.28)a | <0.000 1 | 1.78(1.73~1.84)a | <0.000 1 | 2.55(2.50~2.60)a | <0.000 1 |
| 1990—1998年 | 1.50(1.26~1.69) | 0.000 4 | 0.67(0.46~0.87) | 0.000 4 | 1.99(1.70~2.23) | <0.000 1 |
| 1998—2004年 | 4.60(2.02~4.82) | <0.000 1 | 3.85(3.68~4.04) | <0.000 1 | 4.98(4.67~5.44) | <0.000 1 |
| 2004—2007年 | -1.08(-1.47~4.59) | 0.091 6 | -1.74(-2.13~-1.30) | 0.000 4 | -0.34(-0.86~0.23) | 0.190 0 |
| 2007—2010年 | 4.30(-1.02~4.75) | 0.090 4 | 3.34(2.72~3.80) | 0.000 4 | 5.27(4.39~5.77) | <0.000 1 |
| 2010—2018年 | 1.52(1.04~4.12) | <0.000 1 | 0.83(0.07~1.13) | 0.043 6 | 1.72(1.56~1.86) | <0.000 1 |
| 2018—2021年 | 2.61(1.69~3.79) | <0.000 1 | 2.51(2.20~2.96) | <0.000 1 | ||
Table 1 Annual changes in CVD mortality attributable to metabolic risk factors in the total population and in men and women in China from 1990 to 2021
| 时间 | 总人群 | 女性 | 男性 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| APC(AAPC)(95%CI)(%) | P值 | APC(AAPC)(95%CI)(%) | P值 | APC(AAPC)(95%CI)(%) | P值 | |
| 1990—2021年 | 2.22(2.15~2.28)a | <0.000 1 | 1.78(1.73~1.84)a | <0.000 1 | 2.55(2.50~2.60)a | <0.000 1 |
| 1990—1998年 | 1.50(1.26~1.69) | 0.000 4 | 0.67(0.46~0.87) | 0.000 4 | 1.99(1.70~2.23) | <0.000 1 |
| 1998—2004年 | 4.60(2.02~4.82) | <0.000 1 | 3.85(3.68~4.04) | <0.000 1 | 4.98(4.67~5.44) | <0.000 1 |
| 2004—2007年 | -1.08(-1.47~4.59) | 0.091 6 | -1.74(-2.13~-1.30) | 0.000 4 | -0.34(-0.86~0.23) | 0.190 0 |
| 2007—2010年 | 4.30(-1.02~4.75) | 0.090 4 | 3.34(2.72~3.80) | 0.000 4 | 5.27(4.39~5.77) | <0.000 1 |
| 2010—2018年 | 1.52(1.04~4.12) | <0.000 1 | 0.83(0.07~1.13) | 0.043 6 | 1.72(1.56~1.86) | <0.000 1 |
| 2018—2021年 | 2.61(1.69~3.79) | <0.000 1 | 2.51(2.20~2.96) | <0.000 1 | ||
| 时间 | 总人群 | 女性 | 男性 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| APC(AAPC)(95%CI)(%) | P值 | APC(AAPC)(95%CI)(%) | P值 | APC(AAPC)(95%CI)(%) | P值 | |
| 1990—2021年 | 1.59(1.55~1.64)a | <0.000 1 | 1.14(1.10~1.18)a | <0.000 1 | 1.90(1.86~1.94)a | <0.0001 |
| 1990—1998年 | 1.00(0.88~1.12) | <0.000 1 | 0.42(0.28~0.55) | 0.000 8 | 1.48(1.28~1.66) | <0.000 1 |
| 1998—2004年 | 3.73(3.57~3.87) | <0.000 1 | 3.26(3.09~3.43) | <0.000 1 | 4.11(3.88~4.39) | <0.000 1 |
| 2004—2007年 | -0.84(-1.13~-0.53) | 0.009 2 | -1.99(-2.31~-1.67) | <0.000 1 | 0.00(-0.37~0.49) | 0.946 6 |
| 2007—2011年 | 2.63(2.29~2.98) | 0.008 8 | 1.67(1.38~2.13) | <0.000 1 | 3.42(2.97~3.94) | <0.0001 |
| 2011—2018年 | 0.78(0.45~0.92) | 0.001 2 | 0.17(-0.35~0.55) | 0.372 3 | 0.90(0.74~1.03) | <0.0001 |
| 2018—2021年 | 1.95(1.34~2.91) | <0.000 1 | 1.89(1.64~2.22) | <0.000 1 | ||
Table 2 Annual changes in the adjusted life rate of CVD attributable to metabolic risk factors in the total population and in men and women in China from 1990 to 2021
| 时间 | 总人群 | 女性 | 男性 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| APC(AAPC)(95%CI)(%) | P值 | APC(AAPC)(95%CI)(%) | P值 | APC(AAPC)(95%CI)(%) | P值 | |
| 1990—2021年 | 1.59(1.55~1.64)a | <0.000 1 | 1.14(1.10~1.18)a | <0.000 1 | 1.90(1.86~1.94)a | <0.0001 |
| 1990—1998年 | 1.00(0.88~1.12) | <0.000 1 | 0.42(0.28~0.55) | 0.000 8 | 1.48(1.28~1.66) | <0.000 1 |
| 1998—2004年 | 3.73(3.57~3.87) | <0.000 1 | 3.26(3.09~3.43) | <0.000 1 | 4.11(3.88~4.39) | <0.000 1 |
| 2004—2007年 | -0.84(-1.13~-0.53) | 0.009 2 | -1.99(-2.31~-1.67) | <0.000 1 | 0.00(-0.37~0.49) | 0.946 6 |
| 2007—2011年 | 2.63(2.29~2.98) | 0.008 8 | 1.67(1.38~2.13) | <0.000 1 | 3.42(2.97~3.94) | <0.0001 |
| 2011—2018年 | 0.78(0.45~0.92) | 0.001 2 | 0.17(-0.35~0.55) | 0.372 3 | 0.90(0.74~1.03) | <0.0001 |
| 2018—2021年 | 1.95(1.34~2.91) | <0.000 1 | 1.89(1.64~2.22) | <0.000 1 | ||
| 风险因素 | DALYs PAF(%) | 95%CI(%) | 死亡PAF(%) | 95%CI(%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 归因于代谢风险因素 | 68.6 | 60.6~75.1 | 70.1 | 62.4~76.6 |
| 高收缩压(高血压) | 53.3 | 43.4~62.0 | 55.4 | 45.7~64.1 |
| 高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 | 18.0 | 10.3~26.1 | 16.1 | 8.4~24.4 |
| 高空腹血糖 | 9.8 | 8.4~11.4 | 10.5 | 9.0~12.0 |
| 高BMI | 7.7 | 3.9~12.0 | 6.7 | 3.6~10.1 |
| 归因于行为风险因素 | 46.8 | 34.2~56.3 | 43.5 | 29.9~54.2 |
| 吸烟 | 22.4 | 18.6~26.4 | 18.7 | 15.0~23.0 |
| 饮食相关风险 | 29.3 | 12.6~41.9 | 27.7 | 11.2~41.4 |
| 归因于环境/职业风险因素 | 39.0 | 31.2~46.4 | 40.6 | 32.4~48.0 |
| 空气污染 | 28.0 | 23.3~33.6 | 28.6 | 24.0~34.2 |
| 其他环境风险 | 8.6 | -1.0~17.9 | 9.3 | -1.1~19.1 |
| 非最优温度 | 7.3 | 6.7~8.5 | 7.9 | 7.4~9.3 |
Table 3 Distribution results of DALYs and PAF for CVD attributable to metabolic, behavioral, and environmental/occupational risk factors in China, 2021
| 风险因素 | DALYs PAF(%) | 95%CI(%) | 死亡PAF(%) | 95%CI(%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 归因于代谢风险因素 | 68.6 | 60.6~75.1 | 70.1 | 62.4~76.6 |
| 高收缩压(高血压) | 53.3 | 43.4~62.0 | 55.4 | 45.7~64.1 |
| 高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 | 18.0 | 10.3~26.1 | 16.1 | 8.4~24.4 |
| 高空腹血糖 | 9.8 | 8.4~11.4 | 10.5 | 9.0~12.0 |
| 高BMI | 7.7 | 3.9~12.0 | 6.7 | 3.6~10.1 |
| 归因于行为风险因素 | 46.8 | 34.2~56.3 | 43.5 | 29.9~54.2 |
| 吸烟 | 22.4 | 18.6~26.4 | 18.7 | 15.0~23.0 |
| 饮食相关风险 | 29.3 | 12.6~41.9 | 27.7 | 11.2~41.4 |
| 归因于环境/职业风险因素 | 39.0 | 31.2~46.4 | 40.6 | 32.4~48.0 |
| 空气污染 | 28.0 | 23.3~33.6 | 28.6 | 24.0~34.2 |
| 其他环境风险 | 8.6 | -1.0~17.9 | 9.3 | -1.1~19.1 |
| 非最优温度 | 7.3 | 6.7~8.5 | 7.9 | 7.4~9.3 |
| 代谢因素 | 1990年DALYs率(/10万) | 2021年DALYs率(/10万) | AAPC(95%CI)(%) | t值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 高收缩压(高血压) | 3 695.71 | 2 728.48 | -0.06(-0.34~0.21) | -0.45 | 0.653 9 |
| 高BMI | 281.04 | 396.09 | 1.08(0.89~1.27) | 11.09 | <0.000 1 |
| 高空腹血糖 | 521.36 | 500.31 | -0.99(-1.13~-0.86) | -14.61 | <0.000 1 |
| 高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 | 953.85 | 920.69 | -0.12(-0.29~0.04) | -1.47 | 0.140 7 |
Table 4 Trend of age-standardized DALYs rate attributed to metabolic risk factors in China from 1990 to 2021
| 代谢因素 | 1990年DALYs率(/10万) | 2021年DALYs率(/10万) | AAPC(95%CI)(%) | t值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 高收缩压(高血压) | 3 695.71 | 2 728.48 | -0.06(-0.34~0.21) | -0.45 | 0.653 9 |
| 高BMI | 281.04 | 396.09 | 1.08(0.89~1.27) | 11.09 | <0.000 1 |
| 高空腹血糖 | 521.36 | 500.31 | -0.99(-1.13~-0.86) | -14.61 | <0.000 1 |
| 高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 | 953.85 | 920.69 | -0.12(-0.29~0.04) | -1.47 | 0.140 7 |
| 代谢因素 | 1990年DALYs率(/10万) | 2021年DALYs率(/10万) | AAPC(95%CI)(%) | t值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 高收缩压(高血压) | 201.79 | 155.21 | 0.11(-0.25~0.48) | 0.61 | 0.539 5 |
| 高BMI | 13.73 | 18.80 | 1.00(0.77~1.22) | 8.62 | <0.000 1 |
| 高空腹血糖 | 29.37 | 29.28 | -0.86(-1.06~-0.66) | -8.45 | <0.000 1 |
| 高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 | 43.10 | 44.97 | 0.11(-0.19~0.42) | 0.73 | 0.463 3 |
Table 5 Trend of age-standardized mortality attributable to metabolic risk factors in China from 1990 to 2021
| 代谢因素 | 1990年DALYs率(/10万) | 2021年DALYs率(/10万) | AAPC(95%CI)(%) | t值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 高收缩压(高血压) | 201.79 | 155.21 | 0.11(-0.25~0.48) | 0.61 | 0.539 5 |
| 高BMI | 13.73 | 18.80 | 1.00(0.77~1.22) | 8.62 | <0.000 1 |
| 高空腹血糖 | 29.37 | 29.28 | -0.86(-1.06~-0.66) | -8.45 | <0.000 1 |
| 高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 | 43.10 | 44.97 | 0.11(-0.19~0.42) | 0.73 | 0.463 3 |
| 分类 | MSE | RMSE | MAE | MAPE(%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 标化死亡率 | ||||
| 男性 | 20.095 7 | 4.482 8 | 4.467 1 | 1.538 1 |
| 女性 | 9.766 0 | 3.125 1 | 3.113 9 | 1.587 9 |
| 标化DALYs率 | ||||
| 男性 | 2 581.428 8 | 50.807 8 | 50.709 0 | 0.980 5 |
| 女性 | 1 269.781 5 | 35.634 0 | 35.465 4 | 1.018 5 |
Table 5 Accuracy metrics of BAPC model projections for cardiovascular age-standardized mortality and age-standardized DALYs attributable to metabolic risks in China
| 分类 | MSE | RMSE | MAE | MAPE(%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 标化死亡率 | ||||
| 男性 | 20.095 7 | 4.482 8 | 4.467 1 | 1.538 1 |
| 女性 | 9.766 0 | 3.125 1 | 3.113 9 | 1.587 9 |
| 标化DALYs率 | ||||
| 男性 | 2 581.428 8 | 50.807 8 | 50.709 0 | 0.980 5 |
| 女性 | 1 269.781 5 | 35.634 0 | 35.465 4 | 1.018 5 |
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