Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases（CVDs）have become one of the leading causes of death globally and in China. With changes in lifestyle and an aging population，the prevalence of CVDs continues to rise，posing significant challenges to public health. Primary healthcare plays an important role in the prevention and the management of CVDs，with risk assessment and risk communication being the core components. Grassroots general practitioners can dynamically track patient risks through long-term doctor-patient relationships by conducting comprehensive assessments of the patient's health status and utilizing effective risk assessment tools such as the China PAR model and Framingham risk score to achieve personalized risk assessment，thanks to their service characteristics of "first visit，continuity，and accessibility". This grassroots risk communication mechanism is in line with the "patient-centered" prevention strategy advocated by international guidelines such as the American Heart Association （AHA）and the European Society of Cardiology（ESC）. Through risk visualization，it helps change health behaviors and improve medication adherence. However，grassroots risk communication still faces multiple challenges. This article explores the current status，application，and challenges faced by risk assessment and communication strategies for grassroots CVDs，and proposes suggestions for improving the communication skills and implementation strategies of grassroots general practitioners. The aim is to refine risk communication strategies to enhance the prevention and control effectiveness of CVDs and ultimately improve the health management level of grassroots patients.

Key words: Cardiovascular diseases, Risk assessment, Risk communication, General practitioners, Review, Editorial

摘要： 心血管疾病（CVDs）已成为全球及我国最主要的死亡原因之一，随着生活方式变化和人口老龄化，CVDs的患病率持续上升，给公共卫生带来巨大的挑战。基层医疗在CVDs的预防与管理中发挥着重要作用，其中风险评估与风险沟通是核心环节。基层全科医生通过对患者的健康状况进行全面评估，凭借其“首诊、连续、可及”的服务特性，能够通过长期医患关系动态追踪患者风险，利用有效的风险评估工具（如China-PAR模型、Framingham风险评分等）实现个体化风险评估。这种基于基层的风险沟通机制，与AHA、ESC等国际指南倡导的“以患者为中心”的预防策略相契合，通过风险可视化有助于健康行为改变，提高药物治疗的依从性。然而，基层风险沟通仍面临多重挑战。本文探讨了基层CVDs风险评估与沟通策略的现状、应用及面临的挑战，提出了提升基层全科医生沟通能力及实施策略的建议，以期通过细化风险沟通策略提高CVDs的防控效果，最终提升基层患者的健康管理水平。

关键词: 心血管疾病, 风险评估, 风险沟通, 全科医生, 综述, 述评