Overweight and obesity represent a major global public health challenge, with significant variations in preventive strategies across national guidelines. This article introduces the core recommendations on weight problem screening and prevention from the tenth edition of the RACGP Guidelines for Preventive Activities in General Practice in Australia, analyzing its characteristics of opportunistic screening model based on WHO screening principles, anti-stigmatization ethical framework, and structured non-drug intervention tools. It also reviews the development status of China's obesity prevention and control system, and compares the differences between China and Australia in screening concepts, ethical considerations, and practical support from the perspective of general practice. This article proposes that China's future obesity prevention should focus on integrating ethical principles into screening and intervention processes, developing localized tools suitable for primary care, and suggests organically integrating weight management into chronic disease management pathways to empower general practitioners in achieving the transition from disease treatment to health management.

超重与肥胖是全球重大公共健康挑战，各国指南的预防策略存在显著差异。本文介绍了澳大利亚全科医生学会《全科医学的预防活动指南》（红皮书）第十版中关于体质量问题筛查与预防的核心建议，分析了其基于WHO筛查原则的机会性筛查模式、反污名化伦理框架及结构化非药物干预工具的特点；同时回顾了我国肥胖防控体系的发展现状，并从全科医学实践角度比较了中澳两国在肥胖筛查理念、伦理考量与实践支持方面的差异。本文提出，我国未来肥胖防治应重视将伦理原则融入筛查与干预流程，开发适用于基层的本土化工具，并建议将体质量管理有机整合至慢性病诊疗路径，以赋能全科医生实现从疾病治疗向健康管理的转变。