Cancer pain refered to the pain experienced by cancer patients, including chronic cancer pain and cancer outbreak pain. The study showed that 59% of patients receiving antitumor therapy and 64% of patients with advanced tumors experienced cancer pain, and the incidence was related to the tumor site. The incidence of pain in patients with pancreatic cancer was approximately 95%, and that in patients with advanced lung cancer was about 80%. Cancer pain was associated with survival time and quality of life. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment could effectively alleviate cancer pain and reduced the adverse reactions caused by Western medicine in treating cancer pain. The combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine would help patients improve their quality of life and prolong their survival period. Therefore, the diagnosis of cancer pain and the standardized treatment of traditional Chinese and Western medicine were of great significance. This guide was led by Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, together with experts from 22 hospitals in China, including China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Guang 'anmen Hospital Affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, based on the current diagnosis and treatment practice of cancer pain combined with traditional Chinese and Western medicine at home and abroad, through a review of literature evidence, and formed after extensive discussion. This guideline summarized and concluded the definitions, causes, diagnostic and assessment methods, as well as treatment approaches of cancer pain from the perspective of integrating traditional Chinese and Western medicine, provided decision-making basis for the diagnosis of cancer pain and the treatment plan of integrated Chinese and Western medicine, so as to guide clinical practice.

癌性疼痛是指癌症患者经历的疼痛，包括慢性癌性疼痛及癌性爆发痛。研究显示，59%接受抗肿瘤治疗的患者和64%晚期肿瘤患者会发生疼痛，且发生率与肿瘤部位有关，其中胰腺癌患者疼痛发生率约为95%，晚期肺癌患者疼痛发生率约为80%。癌性疼痛与患者的生存期、生存质量相关。中医治疗能有效改善癌性疼痛及西医治疗癌性疼痛后不良反应，中西医结合诊疗有助于癌性疼痛患者提高生存质量、延长生存期。因此，癌性疼痛的诊断和规范化中西医结合治疗具有重要意义。本指南由中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院中医科牵头，联合中日友好医院、北京中医药大学附属东直门医院、中国中医科学院广安门医院、首都医科大学附属北京中医医院等国内22家医院的相关专家，结合国内外癌性疼痛中西医结合诊疗实践的现状，通过文献证据回顾，经广泛讨论后形成。本指南从中西医结合角度对癌性疼痛的定义、病因、诊断与评估方法及治疗方面进行归纳和总结，为癌性疼痛的诊断和中西医结合治疗方案提供决策依据，以指导临床实践。