
Chinese General Practice ›› 2025, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (17): 2119-2126.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0507
Special Issue: 老年人群健康最新文章合辑; 衰弱最新文章合辑; 老年问题最新文章合辑
• Original Research • Previous Articles Next Articles
Received:2024-09-11
Revised:2024-12-20
Published:2025-06-15
Online:2025-04-22
Contact:
LI Yuling
通讯作者:
李育玲
作者简介:李育玲负责研究命题的提出、设计,包括老年衰弱与老年心理的切入点,负责最终版本修订,对论文整体负责;刘宇婷提出研究思路,设计研究方案,包括提出做衰弱对认知功能的影响,通过中介效应与调节等方法进行分析,负责数据整理、清洗和统计学分析、绘制图表等,负责起草论文;仇丽霞负责统计学分析。
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URL: https://www.chinagp.net/EN/10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0507
| 变量 | 认知功能正常(n=6 404) | 认知障碍(n=1 769) | χ2(t)值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 年龄( | 80.11±10.17 | 92.35±9.32 | -47.922a | <0.001 |
| 性别[例(%)] | 202.125 | <0.001 | ||
| 男性 | 3 262(50.9) | 564(31.9) | ||
| 女性 | 3 142(49.1) | 1 205(68.1) | ||
| 居住地[例(%)] | 68.441 | <0.001 | ||
| 城市 | 1 795(28.0) | 324(18.3) | ||
| 乡镇 | 4 609(72.0) | 1 445(81.7) | ||
| 居住状况[例(%)] | 0.716 | 0.397 | ||
| 独居 | 1 050(16.4) | 305(17.2) | ||
| 非独居 | 5 354(83.6) | 1 464(82.8) | ||
| 职业[例(%)] | 118.390 | <0.001 | ||
| 专业工作 | 1 001(15.6) | 100(5.7) | ||
| 非专业工作 | 5 403(84.4) | 1 669(94.3) | ||
| 受教育情况[例(%)] | 960.843 | <0.001 | ||
| 未接受过教育 | 2 131(33.3) | 1 316(74.4) | ||
| 接受过教育 | 4 273(66.7) | 453(25.6) | ||
| 经济状况[例(%)] | 61.438 | <0.001 | ||
| 贫穷 | 1 388(21.7) | 268(15.1) | ||
| 普通 | 4 471(69.8) | 1 268(71.7) | ||
| 富裕 | 545(8.5) | 233(13.2) | ||
| 吸烟[例(%)] | 1 135(17.7) | 198(11.2) | 43.308 | <0.001 |
| 饮酒[例(%)] | 1 102(17.2) | 178(10.1) | 53.585 | <0.001 |
| 衰弱[例(%)] | 707(11.0) | 652(36.9) | 666.424 | <0.001 |
| 抑郁[例(%)] | 1 470(23.0) | 662(37.4) | 150.478 | <0.001 |
| CES-D评分( | 6.84±4.22 | 8.71±4.76 | -14.919a | <0.001 |
| ADL评分( | 17.73±1.04 | 16.34±2.67 | 21.472a | <0.001 |
| 社会参与评分( | 6.64±2.30 | 4.21±1.91 | 45.171a | <0.001 |
| MMSE评分( | 28.27±1.81 | 17.13±5.59 | 82.617a | <0.001 |
Table 1 Characteristics of study participants stratified by cognitive status
| 变量 | 认知功能正常(n=6 404) | 认知障碍(n=1 769) | χ2(t)值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 年龄( | 80.11±10.17 | 92.35±9.32 | -47.922a | <0.001 |
| 性别[例(%)] | 202.125 | <0.001 | ||
| 男性 | 3 262(50.9) | 564(31.9) | ||
| 女性 | 3 142(49.1) | 1 205(68.1) | ||
| 居住地[例(%)] | 68.441 | <0.001 | ||
| 城市 | 1 795(28.0) | 324(18.3) | ||
| 乡镇 | 4 609(72.0) | 1 445(81.7) | ||
| 居住状况[例(%)] | 0.716 | 0.397 | ||
| 独居 | 1 050(16.4) | 305(17.2) | ||
| 非独居 | 5 354(83.6) | 1 464(82.8) | ||
| 职业[例(%)] | 118.390 | <0.001 | ||
| 专业工作 | 1 001(15.6) | 100(5.7) | ||
| 非专业工作 | 5 403(84.4) | 1 669(94.3) | ||
| 受教育情况[例(%)] | 960.843 | <0.001 | ||
| 未接受过教育 | 2 131(33.3) | 1 316(74.4) | ||
| 接受过教育 | 4 273(66.7) | 453(25.6) | ||
| 经济状况[例(%)] | 61.438 | <0.001 | ||
| 贫穷 | 1 388(21.7) | 268(15.1) | ||
| 普通 | 4 471(69.8) | 1 268(71.7) | ||
| 富裕 | 545(8.5) | 233(13.2) | ||
| 吸烟[例(%)] | 1 135(17.7) | 198(11.2) | 43.308 | <0.001 |
| 饮酒[例(%)] | 1 102(17.2) | 178(10.1) | 53.585 | <0.001 |
| 衰弱[例(%)] | 707(11.0) | 652(36.9) | 666.424 | <0.001 |
| 抑郁[例(%)] | 1 470(23.0) | 662(37.4) | 150.478 | <0.001 |
| CES-D评分( | 6.84±4.22 | 8.71±4.76 | -14.919a | <0.001 |
| ADL评分( | 17.73±1.04 | 16.34±2.67 | 21.472a | <0.001 |
| 社会参与评分( | 6.64±2.30 | 4.21±1.91 | 45.171a | <0.001 |
| MMSE评分( | 28.27±1.81 | 17.13±5.59 | 82.617a | <0.001 |
| 变量 | 衰弱 | 认知功能 | ADL | 抑郁 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 认知功能 | -0.347a | 1.000 | — | — |
| ADL | -0.328a | 0.432a | 1.000 | — |
| 抑郁 | 0.292a | -0.208a | -0.127a | 1.000 |
| 社会参与 | -0.299a | 0.482a | 0.346a | -0.214a |
Table 2 Correlations for the main variables
| 变量 | 衰弱 | 认知功能 | ADL | 抑郁 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 认知功能 | -0.347a | 1.000 | — | — |
| ADL | -0.328a | 0.432a | 1.000 | — |
| 抑郁 | 0.292a | -0.208a | -0.127a | 1.000 |
| 社会参与 | -0.299a | 0.482a | 0.346a | -0.214a |
| 变量 | 模型1 | 模型2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | SE | P值 | B | SE | P值 | |
| 年龄 | -0.231 | 0.005 | <0.001 | -0.199 | 0.005 | <0.001 |
| 性别 | -0.915 | 0.118 | <0.001 | -0.788 | 0.115 | <0.001 |
| 居住地 | -0.205 | 0.072 | 0.005 | -0.217 | 0.071 | 0.002 |
| 居住状况 | -0.032 | 0.105 | 0.760 | -0.050 | 0.103 | 0.629 |
| 职业 | -0.024 | 0.040 | 0.543 | -0.030 | 0.039 | 0.435 |
| 受教育情况 | 0.144 | 0.015 | <0.001 | 0.155 | 0.015 | <0.001 |
| 经济状况 | -0.606 | 0.083 | <0.001 | -0.445 | 0.081 | <0.001 |
| 吸烟 | -0.107 | 0.152 | 0.481 | -0.152 | 0.148 | 0.306 |
| 饮酒 | 0.101 | 0.150 | 0.502 | 0.005 | 0.147 | 0.972 |
| 衰弱 | -2.862 | 0.143 | <0.001 | |||
| F值 | 391.537 | 410.007 | ||||
| R2 | 0.302 | 0.334 | ||||
Table 3 Stratified regression analysis of frailty on cognitive function
| 变量 | 模型1 | 模型2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | SE | P值 | B | SE | P值 | |
| 年龄 | -0.231 | 0.005 | <0.001 | -0.199 | 0.005 | <0.001 |
| 性别 | -0.915 | 0.118 | <0.001 | -0.788 | 0.115 | <0.001 |
| 居住地 | -0.205 | 0.072 | 0.005 | -0.217 | 0.071 | 0.002 |
| 居住状况 | -0.032 | 0.105 | 0.760 | -0.050 | 0.103 | 0.629 |
| 职业 | -0.024 | 0.040 | 0.543 | -0.030 | 0.039 | 0.435 |
| 受教育情况 | 0.144 | 0.015 | <0.001 | 0.155 | 0.015 | <0.001 |
| 经济状况 | -0.606 | 0.083 | <0.001 | -0.445 | 0.081 | <0.001 |
| 吸烟 | -0.107 | 0.152 | 0.481 | -0.152 | 0.148 | 0.306 |
| 饮酒 | 0.101 | 0.150 | 0.502 | 0.005 | 0.147 | 0.972 |
| 衰弱 | -2.862 | 0.143 | <0.001 | |||
| F值 | 391.537 | 410.007 | ||||
| R2 | 0.302 | 0.334 | ||||
| 路径 | B | 95%CI | SE | 效应占比(%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 总效应 | -5.136 | -5.437~-4.835 | 0.154 | |
| 直接效应 | -2.970 | -3.276~-2.663 | 0.156 | 57.83 |
| 总的间接效应 | -2.167 | -2.409~-1.932 | 0.123 | 42.17 |
| 衰弱-ADL-认知功能 | -1.713 | -1.944~-1.498 | 0.114 | 33.35 |
| 衰弱-抑郁-认知功能 | -0.435 | -0.531~-0.345 | 0.047 | 8.47 |
| 衰弱-ADL-抑郁-认知功能 | -0.018 | -0.032~-0.005 | 0.007 | 0.35 |
Table 4 Testing the mediating effect of frailty on cognitive function
| 路径 | B | 95%CI | SE | 效应占比(%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 总效应 | -5.136 | -5.437~-4.835 | 0.154 | |
| 直接效应 | -2.970 | -3.276~-2.663 | 0.156 | 57.83 |
| 总的间接效应 | -2.167 | -2.409~-1.932 | 0.123 | 42.17 |
| 衰弱-ADL-认知功能 | -1.713 | -1.944~-1.498 | 0.114 | 33.35 |
| 衰弱-抑郁-认知功能 | -0.435 | -0.531~-0.345 | 0.047 | 8.47 |
| 衰弱-ADL-抑郁-认知功能 | -0.018 | -0.032~-0.005 | 0.007 | 0.35 |
| 指标 | B | 95%CI | SE | t值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 衰弱 | -1.515 | -1.850~-1.179 | 0.171 | -8.855 |
| ADL | 0.907 | 0.715~1.098 | 0.098 | 9.271 |
| 抑郁 | -0.364 | -0.467~-0.261 | 0.053 | -6.929 |
| 社会参与 | 1.792 | 1.671~1.912 | 0.061 | 29.154 |
| 衰弱×社会参与 | 1.140 | 0.822~1.457 | 0.162 | 7.044 |
| ADL×社会参与 | -0.413 | -0.560~-0.266 | 0.075 | -5.499 |
| 抑郁×社会参与 | 0.113 | 0.015~0.211 | 0.050 | 2.255 |
| R2 | 0.347 | |||
| F值 | 620.971 | |||
Table 5 Testing the moderating effect of social participation
| 指标 | B | 95%CI | SE | t值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 衰弱 | -1.515 | -1.850~-1.179 | 0.171 | -8.855 |
| ADL | 0.907 | 0.715~1.098 | 0.098 | 9.271 |
| 抑郁 | -0.364 | -0.467~-0.261 | 0.053 | -6.929 |
| 社会参与 | 1.792 | 1.671~1.912 | 0.061 | 29.154 |
| 衰弱×社会参与 | 1.140 | 0.822~1.457 | 0.162 | 7.044 |
| ADL×社会参与 | -0.413 | -0.560~-0.266 | 0.075 | -5.499 |
| 抑郁×社会参与 | 0.113 | 0.015~0.211 | 0.050 | 2.255 |
| R2 | 0.347 | |||
| F值 | 620.971 | |||
| 社会参与 | B | 95%CI | SE |
|---|---|---|---|
| -1-SD | -0.015 | -0.027~-0.004 | 0.006 |
| Mean | -0.011 | -0.020~-0.003 | 0.004 |
| -1+SD | -0.008 | -0.015~-0.002 | 0.003 |
Table 6 Conditional indirect effects of frailty on cognitive function
| 社会参与 | B | 95%CI | SE |
|---|---|---|---|
| -1-SD | -0.015 | -0.027~-0.004 | 0.006 |
| Mean | -0.011 | -0.020~-0.003 | 0.004 |
| -1+SD | -0.008 | -0.015~-0.002 | 0.003 |
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