Multimorbidity accelerates cognitive decline and leads to an increased risk of cognitive impairment. However, existing studies have mainly explored the cognitive status of patients with a single or specific chronic disease, and the patient with multimorbidity remains to be urgently explored. The present study describes the epidemiological characteristics of cognitive impairment in multimorbidity, summarizes the influencing factors, organizes the association patterns between multimorbidity and cognitive impairment, elucidates the mechanisms underlying their occurrence, and finally proposes preventive and control strategies. The findings of this study are intended to serve as a valuable reference for future efforts in preventing and treating cognitive impairment in multimorbidity.

慢性病共病会加速认知功能衰退，导致认知功能障碍风险增加。但现有研究多探究单一或特定慢性病患者的认知状况，慢性病共病患者认知领域仍亟待探究。本研究介绍了慢性病共病患者认知功能障碍的流行病学特征，总结了影响因素，整理了慢性病共病模式与认知功能障碍的关联模式，并阐述了其发生机制，最后提出了防控策略，以期为今后慢性病共病患者的认知功能障碍防治提供借鉴。