Multimorbidity increases the burden of disease and treatment for patients, which is becoming an essential research issue in the field of public health and primary care. As medical research advances, the understanding of how to deal with the challenge of multimorbidity is undergoing a profound shift, the most significant of which is the focus on the potential influence of social and environmental factors on disease clustering and development. Syndemic theory provides a new perspective for exploring the clustering of multiple conditions, as well as their interaction with social and environmental factors, which is of great significance for analyzing the interaction of chronic comorbidities at the social and environmental levels, and contributing to improve health outcomes of vulnerable populations. However, there is a lack of introduction and research on this theory in China. This article mainly reviews the basic concepts and viewpoints of the syndemic theory, as well as the classical models proposed by foreign scholars, analyzes the common disease synergistic factors with previous research findings, and puts forwards suggestions and countermeasures for general practitioners in China to improve the quality of managing multimorbidity.

慢性病共病加重了患者的疾病负担与治疗负担，日益成为公共卫生与初级保健领域的重要研究问题。随着医学研究的进步，有关如何应对共病挑战的认识正在发生深刻转变，其中最显著的变化是关注到社会和环境因素对疾病的聚集和发展产生潜在影响。疾病协同理论为探索多种疾病的聚集及其与社会和环境因素之间的交互作用提供了新的视角，对于从社会和环境层面分析慢性病共病的交互作用和帮助弱势人群改善健康水平具有重要意义，但国内对该理论的介绍和研究较为匮乏。本文重点梳理了疾病协同理论的基本概念与主要观点，回顾了国外学者提出的经典模型，结合既往研究分析常见的疾病协同因素，并为我国全科医生改进慢性病共病的管理质量提出建议和对策。