Limb paralysis is a common sequela of cerebral infarction, which leads to both physical disorders and heavy psychological burden. Recent years have witnessed growing studies on the prognosis of motor function in patients with cerebral infarction, and increasing well-known relevant medical evaluation tools, such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and motor evoked potential induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS-MEP), which can microscopically assess the structural changes in white matter fiber bundles, and the combined use of them, that is, the combination of neuroanatomy, electrophysiology and neuroimaging, can more accurately assess the level of motor neuron impairment, thereby obtaining a motor function assessment surpassing the assessment based on clinical function indicators in terms of objectivity. We reviewed the prognostic value of DTI and TMS for motor function recovery via detecting and quantifying corticospinal tract degeneration in patients after cerebral infarction, and summarized the prognostic values of commonly used relevant measurement parameters for motor function recovery in hemiplegic patients. We concluded that DTI and TMS-MEP are powerful tools for noninvasively assessing complex structures of brain tissues, which can detect more subtle neural and tissue changes, and the combined use of them can effectively explore the damage pattern of white matter fiber bundles using different analysis methods, contributing to the development of neurological rehabilitation programs and maximum improvement of the long-term prognosis for patients.

肢体瘫痪是脑梗死常见的后遗症，给患者带来躯体障碍的同时还带来沉重的心理负担。近年来对于脑梗死患者运动功能预后的研究日益增多，越来越多的医学评估工具被大家熟知，磁共振弥散张量成像（DTI）及经颅磁刺激运动诱发电位（TMS-MEP）可以从微观上探查患者白质纤维束结构的变化，将DTI和TMS-MEP联合即神经解剖及电生理学和神经影像学的联合，能更加精准地反映运动神经元损害程度，得到比临床功能指标更加客观的运动功能评估。本文基于DTI及经颅磁刺激（TMS）在皮质脊髓束中的作用对脑梗死后患者运动功能恢复的预测评估做一综述，概括DTI及TMS常用测量参数在偏瘫患者运动功能恢复评估中的价值，得出了DTI及TMS-MEP可以发现更为细微的神经及组织变化，是无创探索复杂脑组织结构的有力工具，通过DTI和TMS的联合，利用不同的分析方法有效探索白质纤维束的损伤模式，将有助于为患者制订相应的神经功能康复方案，最大限度地改善患者的远期预后。