With the increasing attention to primary care services and the growing of society needs, a large number of scientific research questions have emerged in the field of general practice and community health. This problem-based scientific research promotes the construction and development of the discipline. The discipline connotation characteristics and professional thinking elements of general practice belonging to the scope of clinical medicine and community health focusing on public health determine the design focus and research methods of scientific research. However, the common problem of scientific research in general practice and community health in China is the lack of attention to the characteristics of scientific general practice research thinking and insufficient depth of thinking. This paper explains the implemention of scientific research in detail guided by general practice thinking in three aspects including the identification and location of research questions, the building of multidisciplinary research team to achieve technology crossover and the development of holistic and systematic research design based on the elements of general practice thinking ("human-centred", holistic approach, systematization), supplemented by the practice cases of the department of general practice of Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University, in order to provide a reference for researchers on general practice and community health to implement scientific research focus on the connotation characteristics, and contribute to the positive development of scientific research in general practice.

随着基本医疗服务日益受到重视和社会需求的不断增长，全科医学与社区卫生领域涌现出大量的科学研究问题。这种基于问题的科学研究工作促进了学科的建设与发展。隶属于临床医学范畴的全科医学及侧重于公共卫生的社区医学，其学科内涵特征或其专业思维要素决定了科学研究的设计着力点和研究方法。但当前，我国全科医学和社区卫生领域科学研究存在的较为共性的问题即是研究者对全科医学科学研究思维特点的重视程度和思考深入度不足。基于此，本文以全科医学思维要素（"以人为中心"、整体观、系统性）为基础，分别从发现和定位研究问题、组建多学科研究团队和实现技术交叉、制订整体性和系统性研究设计3个方面对全科医学思维引导下开展科学研究做出具体阐释，并辅以同济大学附属杨浦医院全科医学科的实践案例，以期为全科医学和社区卫生领域研究者紧扣全科医学内涵特征开展科学研究提供参考，为全科医学科学研究的良性发展贡献力量。