The liver is the largest metabolic organ in the human body, and impaired liver function can lead to a variety of acute and chronic liver diseases, which can affect the quality of life in mild cases or be life-threatening in severe cases. Therefore, it is important to explore accurate and effective molecular diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) is a transmembrane motor protein on the outer membrane of mitochondria, and plays an important role not only in mitochondrial fusion regulation, but also in cell energy metabolism, cell apoptosis, cell proliferation, mitochondrial endoplasmic reticulum (ER) connections, ER stress and mitochondrial autophagy, etc. It has been found that abnormal expression or function loss of Mfn2 can lead to abnormal mitochondrial function, which in turn leads to a variety of liver diseases. In this paper, a systematic review of the structure and function of Mfn2 and its mechanisms of action in liver diseases was conducted and found that Mfn2 can be involved in the development of chronic liver diseases through multiple pathways, and improve liver function through modulating Mfn2 overexpression to further slow down and reverse disease progression. This paper aims to provide a scientific reference for basic research of Mfn2 and liver diseases, as well as its clinical application.

肝脏是人体最大的代谢器官，肝功能受损可引起各种急慢性肝脏疾病，轻者影响生活质量，重者危及生命，因此寻找精准有效的分子诊断标志物及治疗靶点至关重要。线粒体融合蛋白2（Mfn2）为线粒体外膜上的跨膜动力蛋白，不仅能调控线粒体融合，还在细胞能量代谢、细胞凋亡、细胞增殖、线粒体内质网连接、内质网应激及线粒体自噬等过程中发挥重要作用。研究发现，Mfn2表达异常或功能缺失可致线粒体功能异常，进而引发多种肝脏疾病。本文通过对Mfn2的结构、功能及其在肝脏疾病中的作用机制进行系统综述，发现Mfn2可通过多种途径参与慢性肝病的发生、发展，调控Mfn2过表达可改善肝功能，进一步减缓或逆转疾病进展。本文旨在为Mfn2与肝脏疾病的基础研究及临床应用提供科学参考。