As life expectancy increases, the number of elderly patients with osteoporosis rises as well. Many factors affect the development of osteoporosis, and good physical fitness may contribute to having better social adaptability in older people. So it is very important to pay attention to osteoporosis and ensure physical fitness in this group.

To explore the factors associated with osteoporosis, and analyze physical fitness in elderly men, providing a theoretical basis for preventing osteoporosis, improving physical fitness and developing health management programs for this group.

This study was conducted from January 2018 to December 2020. A total of 250 elderly men who underwent bone mineral density (BMD) examination were selected from Health Management Center, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, and divided into normal BMD, osteopenia and osteoporosis groups by BMD examination results. Data were collected, including baseline information, laboratory results, physical fitness test results〔 including muscular strength (number of elbow bending within 30 seconds, 30-second sit-to-stand test results) , flexibility (shoulder and arm stretches, sitting flexion test) , balance (stand on one foot with eyes closed) , aerobic capacity (2-minute step test) , agility/mobility (timed up go test with a minimal space of 2.5 meters) 〕.

Of the 250 subjects, 76 (30.4%) had normal BMD, 123 (49.2%) had osteopenia, and 51 (20.4%) had osteoporosis. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that abdomen circumference〔OR=0.710, 95%CI (0.566, 0.891) 〕, body mass index 〔OR=0.685, 95%CI (0.474, 0.990) 〕, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol〔OR=74.182, 95%CI (3.738, 1 472.125) 〕, 25 (OH) D₃〔OR=0.745, 95%CI (0.619, 0.897) 〕, and estradiol〔OR=0.784, 95%CI (0.665, 0.924) 〕were associated with osteoporosis in elderly men (P<0.05) . All the subjects successfully completed physical fitness tests, without adverse events. The number of repetitions of sit-to-stands within 30 seconds, results of shoulder and arm stretches, sitting flexion test, and 2-minute step test, duration for stand on one foot with eyes closed, as well as time used for timed up go test with a minimal space of 2.5 meters differed significantly across normal BMD, osteopenia and osteoporosis groups (P<0.05) . The number of elbow bending within 30 seconds showed no significant differences across the three groups (P>0.05) .

In elderly men, abdomen circumference, body mass index, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 25 (OH) D₃, and estradiol may independently associated with osteoporosis. Physical fitness indices varied significantly by BMD, especially flexibility, balance, aerobic capacity and agility/mobility.

随着人类寿命的延长，骨质疏松患者随之增多。老年人骨质疏松的影响因素是多样的，健康体适能良好的老年人社会适应能力更强，因此关注老年人骨质疏松、保障其健康体适能情况十分重要。

探究老年男性发生骨质疏松的影响因素，并分析其健康体适能情况，为预防骨质疏松、改善健康体适能及制订健康管理方案提供理论依据。

选取2018年1月至2020年12月在内蒙古自治区人民医院健康管理中心进行骨密度检查的250例老年男性作为研究对象，根据骨密度检查结果将其分为骨质正常组、骨量减少组、骨质疏松组。收集研究对象的一般信息、实验室检查结果、健康体适能检测结果〔包括肌力（即30 s曲臂次数、30 s连续坐椅站立次数）、柔韧性（即肩臂伸展、坐位体前屈）、平衡能力（即闭眼单足站立）、有氧能力（即2 min踏步走次数）、敏捷/动态平衡能力（即起立走2.5 m所用时间）〕。

250例老年男性研究对象中，骨质正常组76例（30.4%）、骨量减少组123例（49.2%）、骨质疏松组51例（20.4%）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，腹围〔OR=0.710，95%CI（0.566，0.891）〕、体质指数（BMI）〔OR=0.685，95%CI（0.474，0.990）〕、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）〔OR=74.182，95%CI（3.738，1 472.125）〕、25羟维生素D₃〔25（OH）D₃〕水平〔OR=0.745，95%CI（0.619，0.897）〕、雌二醇（E2）水平〔OR=0.784，95%CI（0.665，0.924）〕是老年男性发生骨质疏松的独立影响因素（P<0.05）。研究对象均顺利完成健康体适能各项检测，检测期间未发生不良事件。三组30 s连续坐椅站立次数、肩臂伸展距离、坐位体前屈距离、闭眼单足站立时间、2 min踏步走次数、起立走2.5 m所用时间比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；三组30 s曲臂次数比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。

腹围、BMI、HDL-C水平、25（OH）D₃水平、E2水平是老年男性发生骨质疏松的独立影响因素；不同骨密度老年男性的健康体适能情况存在较大差异，尤其以柔韧性、平衡能力、有氧能力、敏捷/动态平衡能力变化明显。