Abstract: As a common chief complaint in general practice，the diagnosis of cough is a constant challenge to general practitioners（GPs） due to its various causative factors as well as its potential association with some critical diseases. From the perspective of GPs，we analyzed and summarized the causes of cough，and developed the diagnostic idea for cough after reviewing relevant literature and guidelines，that is，appropriately evaluating patient conditions based on accurately analyzing medical history，results of physical and diagnostic examinations as well as past treatment（if any），with a view to helping GPs to make a clinical diagnosis of cough timely and accurately to reduce the possibilities of developing serious negative consequences，ultimately leading to better treatment effect and more harmonious patient-physician relationships.

Key words: Cough, General practice, Diagnosis, Differential diagnosis

摘要： 咳嗽是全科的常见主诉，其病因广泛，同时也可能是某些危重疾病的潜在信号，对全科医生来说，咳嗽的诊断是一个时刻面临的挑战。本文从全科医生的角度，对咳嗽的病因进行分析和总结，并结合相关文献和指南，梳理出咳嗽的诊断思路，通过病史采集、体格检查、诊断性检查及治疗正确评估病情，以帮助全科医生在临床实践中及时、准确地诊断咳嗽，避免严重后果，最终达到提高患者治疗效果、构建和谐医患关系的目的。

关键词:  , 咳嗽, 全科医学, 诊断, 鉴别诊断