Abstract: Background　Many diseases of urinary system were caused by kidney stones. The prevalence of kidney stones is increasing year by year in China. However，there are few multiregional studies on it. Objective　To investigate the prevalence of asymptomatic kidney stones among community residents over 40 in China. Methods　The subjects of this survey were from a subgroup of Chinese population in a large global study of Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology（PURE）. Community residents over 40 years old from 12 PURE research centers in Beijing City，Jiangsu Province，Shanxi Province，Shaanxi Province，Liaoning Province，Jiangxi Province and Sichuan Province were underwent quantitative computed tomography（QCT） examination of the midsection at the fourth follow-up from 2015 to 2017 to evaluate the prevalence of osteoporosis and spinal fractures in the Chinese population. The CT images were read by radiologists to determine whether there were positive stones in the bilateral kidney areas，and the number of stones was recorded. Asymptomatic kidney stones were counted，and the prevalence was calculated by region，gender，and age. Results　A total of 3 360 subjects aged from 40 to 95 years old were enrolled with an average age of （62.0±9.1），including 1 231 males and 2 129 females. Finally，282（8.39%） cases with asymptomatic kidney stones were found. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of asymptomatic kidney stones among cases with different genders and different ages（P>0.05），while the difference among cases in different regions was statistically significant（P<0.05）. Conclusion　The prevalence of asymptomatic kidney stones was high in people over 40 years old. Based on this，it is speculated that the overall incidence of kidney stones，including patients with symptomatic kidney stones，will be higher，and there is no difference between genders and different ages，which requires attention.

Key words: Kidney stones, Computed tomography, Prevalence

摘要： 背景　肾结石可引起多种泌尿系统疾病。我国肾结石的患病率呈逐年上升趋势，但是目前对肾结石的多地域研究较少。目的　探讨中国社区40岁以上人群无症状肾结石的患病率。方法　本调查对象为大型全球前瞻性城乡流行病学研究（PURE）中国人群的亚组，来自北京市、江苏省、山西省、陕西省、辽宁省、江西省、四川省共12个PURE研究中心的40岁以上社区人群，在2015—2017年进行第4次随访时，行上腹部定量计算机断层扫描（QCT）检查，评估中国人群骨质疏松症和脊柱骨折患病情况。由放射科医师对上腹部CT图像进行读片，确定双侧肾脏区域有无阳性结石，并记录结石数目。统计无症状肾结石病例，按地区、性别、年龄分组计算患病率。结果　共计3 360例研究对象参与，其中男1 231例，女2 129例，年龄40~95岁，平均（62.0±9.1）岁。无症状肾结石患者282例（8.39%）。不同性别、不同年龄组患病率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），不同地区患病率差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论　40岁以上人群无症状肾结石患病率较高，据此推测，包括有症状肾结石患者，肾结石的总体发病率会更高，且男女无异、年龄无异，需引起重视。

关键词: 肾结石, 计算机断层成像, 患病率