Abstract: Background The estimation of the prevalence of hyperuricemia in children and adolescents is extremely important for understanding the disease burden of hyperuricemia and the rational allocation of corresponding health resources. Objective To systematically analyze the prevalence of hyperuricemia in children and adolescents in China. Methods The prevalence of hyperuricemia in Chinese children and adolescents was searched by CNKI，Wanfang Data，VIP，PubMed，Embase，Web of Science，and Scopus databases published before September 2024. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 software，and subgroup analyses were performed on the prevalence of hyperuricemia by survey time，survey area，gender，age，body mass index，data source，and sample size. Results A total of 39 papers were included，with a total sample size of 156，006 cases，and the prevalence of hyperuricemia in children and adolescents in China was 20.93%（95%CI=17.77%-24.10%）. The results of subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of hyperuricemia was higher in children and adolescents who were boys（prevalence=24.42%，95%CI=19.87%-28.97%），12-19 years old（prevalence=32.20%，95%CI=22.35%-42.06%），overweight/obesity（prevalence=38.78%，95%CI=27.79%-49.78%），South（prevalence=31.59%，95%CI=25.54%-37.64%）and surveyed from 2017-2023（prevalence=24.42%，95%CI=19.87%-28.97%）（P<0.05）. The results of the analysis of different age groups by gender showed that the prevalence of hyperuricemia was significantly higher among boys in the age group of 12-19 years（prevalence=46.79%，95%CI=37.51%-56.07%）（P<0.05）. Conclusion The overall prevalence of hyperuricemia in children and adolescents in China is high，and the rate of increase in prevalence accelerates significantly after puberty，which should be emphasized.

Key words: Hyperuricemia, Child, Adolescent, Prevalence, Meta-analysis

摘要： 背景 儿童青少年高尿酸血症（HUA）患病率的估计对于了解HUA的疾病负担及相应的卫生资源的合理分配极为重要。目的 系统分析中国儿童青少年HUA的患病率。方法 检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science和Scopus数据库建库至2024年9月发表的关于中国儿童青少年HUA患病率的相关研究，然后对文献进行筛选、提取数据和质量评价，所有步骤均由2位研究员独立进行，数据双机录入并交叉核对。使用Stata17.0软件进行Meta分析，并按照调查时间、调查地区、性别、年龄、BMI、数据来源和样本量对HUA患病率进行亚组分析。结果 共纳入39篇文献，总样本量为156 006 例，中国儿童青少年HUA患病率为20.93%（95%CI=17.77%~24.10%）。亚组分析结果显示，男生（患病率 =24.42%，95%CI=19.87%~28.97%）、12~19岁（患病率 =32.20%，95%CI=22.35%~42.06%）、超重 / 肥胖（患病率 =38.78%，95%CI=27.79%~49.78%）、南方（患病率=31.59%，95%CI=25.54%~37.64%）、调查时间为2017—2023年（患病率 =24.42%，95%CI=19.87%~28.97%）的儿童青少年HUA患病率更高（P<0.05）。不同年龄段不同性别分析结果显示，12~19岁年龄段的男生（患病率 =46.79%，95%CI=37.51%~56.07%）HUA患病率明显更高（P<0.05）。结论 我国儿童青少年HUA的总体患病率较高，且青春期后男生HUA患病率更高，应该引起重视。

关键词: 高尿酸血症, 儿童, 青少年, 患病率, Meta 分析