Research Progress on Correlation between Mild Cognitive Impairment and Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety

doi:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2019.00.342

Abstract

Abstract: Mild cognitive impairment（MCI）is a transitional state between normal aging and dementia.As a precursor to dementia，patients with MCI is 10 times more likely to progress to dementia than normal middle-aged and elderly people.This paper reviewed the research progress on the correlation between mild cognitive impairment and depression and anxiety symptoms at home and abroad.It showed that the detection rate of depression and anxiety symptoms in patients with MCI was high，and depression and anxiety symptoms can promote the transformation of MCI into dementia.Therefore，it is of great significance to attach importance to the evaluation and early intervention of depression and anxiety symptoms in patients with MCI to prevent MCI deterioration and dementia.

Key words: Mild cognitive impairment, Depression, Anxiety, Review

摘要： 轻度认知功能障碍（MCI）是介于正常衰老和痴呆之间的一种过渡状态，MCI作为痴呆的前驱阶段，进展为痴呆的风险是正常中老年人的10倍。本文通过对国内外MCI与抑郁、焦虑症状相关性的研究进展进行综述，发现MCI患者的抑郁、焦虑症状检出率高，抑郁、焦虑症状可促使MCI向痴呆转化。因此，重视MCI患者的抑郁、焦虑症状的评估及早期干预，对于防止MCI恶化、预防痴呆具有非常重要的意义。

关键词: 轻度认知功能障碍, 抑郁, 焦虑, 综述

MA Jia,ZHANG Shaowei,YU Dehua, et al. Research Progress on Correlation between Mild Cognitive Impairment and Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety　[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2020, 23(1): 120-124. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2019.00.342.
马佳,张韶伟,于德华等. 轻度认知功能障碍与抑郁、焦虑症状的相关性研究进展[J]. 中国全科医学, 2020, 23(1): 120-124. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2019.00.342.

References

［1］PETERSEN R C．Mild cognitive impairment［J］．American Academy of Neurology，2016，22（2）：404-418．DOI：10.1212/CON.0000000000000313．
［2］POLYAKOVA M，SONNABEND N，SANDER C，et al．Prevalence of minor depression in elderly persons with and without mild cognitive impairment：a systematic review［J］．Journal of Affective Disorders，2014，152：28-38．DOI：10.1016/j.jad.2013.09.016.
［3］DEAN K，OULHAJ A，ZAMBONI G，et al．Role of depression in predicting time to conversion to mild cognitive impairment［J］．Am J Geriat Psychiat，2014，22（7）：727-734．DOI：10.1016/j.jagp.2012.12.025.
［4］文乐菊，罗华，袁志俊．急性缺血性卒中患者情绪、自主神经功能改变及其与神经功能缺损程度的相关性研究［J］．实用心脑肺血管病杂志，2018，26（7）：45-49．DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1008-5971.2018.07.010.
WEN L J，LUO H，YUAN Z J．Changes of emotion and autonomic nervous function and the correlations with degree of nervous functional defects in patients with acute ischemic stroke［J］．Practical Journal of Cardiac Cerebral Pneumal and Vascular Disease，2018，26（7）：45-49．DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1008-5971.2018.07.010.
［5］PETERSEN R C．Clinical practice．Mild cognitive impairment［J］．New England Journal of Medicine，2011，364（23）：2227-2234．DOI：10.1056/NEJMcp0910237.
［6］WINBLAD B，PALMER K，KIVIPELTO M，et al．Mild cognitive impairment：beyond controversies，towards a consensus：report of the International Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment［J］．Journal of Internal Medicine，2004，256（3）：240-246．DOI：10.1111/j.1365-2796.2004.01380.x.
［7］PETERSEN R C，CARACCIOLO B，BRAYNE C，et al．Mild cognitive impairment：a concept in evolution［J］．Journal of Internal Medicine，2014，275（3）：214-228．DOI：10.1111/joim.12190.
［8］PETERSEN R C，LOPEZ O，ARMSTRONG M J，et al．Practice guideline update summary：mild cognitive impairment：report of the guideline development，dissemination，and implementation subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology［J］．Neurology，2018，90（3）：126-135．DOI：10.1212/WNL.0000000000004826.
［9］LINDBERGH C A，DISHMAN R K，MILLER L S．Functional disability in mild cognitive impairment：a systematic review and meta-analysis［J］．Neuropsychology Review，2016，26（2）：129-159．DOI：10.1007/s11065-016-9321-5.
［10］GALLAGHER D，FISCHER C E，IABONI A．Neuropsychiatric symptoms in mild cognitive impairment：an update on prevalence，mechanisms，and clinical significance［J］．Canadian Journal of Psychiatry-revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie，2017，62（3）：161-169．DOI：10.1177/0706743716648296.
［11］FORRESTER S N，GALLO J J，SMITH G S，et al．Patterns of neuropsychiatric symptoms in mild cognitive impairment and risk of dementia［J］．American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry，2016，24（2）：117-125．DOI：10.1016/j.jagp.2015.05.007.
［12］KOHLER C A，MAGALHAES T F，OLIVEIRA J M，et al．Neuropsychiatric disturbances in mild cognitive impairment （MCI）：a systematic review of population-based studies［J］．Current Alzheimer Research，2016，13（10）：1066-1082．DOI：10.2174/1567205013666160502123129．
［13］张贵丽，刘帅，任志宏，等．不同类型轻度认知障碍的认知损害及精神行为症状的比较分析研究［J］．中风与神经疾病杂志，2015，32（3）：214-219.
ZHANG G L，LIU S，REN Z H，et al．The characteristics of cognitive deficits and neuropsychiatric symptoms in mild cognitive impairment：differences by subtypes［J］．J Apoplexy and Nervous Diseases，2015，32（3）：214-219.
［14］黄丽娟，赵亮，张艳蕉，等．老年人抑郁情绪与轻度认知障碍的相关性［J］．中国老年学杂志，2018，38（7）：1547-1548．DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1005-9202.2018.07.005.
HUANG L J，ZHAO L，ZHANG Y J，et al．Correlation between depression and mild cognitive impairment in the elderly［J］．Chinese Journal of Gerontology，2018，38（7）：1547-1548．DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1005-9202.2018.07.005.
［15］Alzheimer's Association．2014 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures［J］．Alzheimer's & Dementia，2014，10（2）：e47-92．DOI：10.1016/j.jalz.2014.02.001.
［16］RAWTAER I，GAO Q，NYUNT M S Z，et al．Psychosocial risk and protective factors and incident mild cognitive impairment and dementia in community dwelling elderly：findings from the Singapore longitudinal ageing study［J］．Alzheimers Dis，2017，57（2）：603-611．DOI：10.3233/JAD-160862.
［17］WALKER K A，POWER M C，GOTTESMAN R F．Defining the relationship between hypertension，cognitive decline，and dementia：a review［J］．Current Hypertension Reports，2017，19（3）：24．DOI：10.1007/s11906-017-0724-3.
［18］黄金，胡进，朱熊兆，等．社区2型糖尿病患者认知功能现状及其影响因素研究［J］．中国全科医学，2016，19（2）：135-141．DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2016.02.003.
HUANG J，HU J，ZHU X Z，et al．Status and influencing factors for the cognitive function of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus［J］．Chinese General Practice，2016，19（2）：135-141．DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2016.02.003.
［19］VIKARUNNESSA S，WEINER M F，VEGA G L．LDL phenotype in subjects with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease［J］．J Alzheimers Dis，2013，36（3）：571-575．DOI：10.3233/JAD-130443.
［20］DEVANAND D P，PELTON G H，ZAMORA D，et al．Predictive utility of apolipoprotein E genotype for Alzheimer disease in outpatients with mild cognitive impairment［J］．Arch Neurology，2005，62（6）：975-980．DOI：10.1001/archneur.62.6.975.
［21］KIM S H，KANG H S，KIM H J，et al．Neuropsychiatric predictors of conversion to dementia both in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and those with subcortical vascular MCI［J］．Clinical Neurology Neurosurgery，2013，115（8）：1264-1270．DOI：10.1016/j.clineuro.2012.11.029.
［22］GEDA Y E，SILBER T C，ROBERTS R O，et al．Computer activities，physical exercise，aging，and mild cognitive impairment：a population-based study［J］．Mayo Clinic Proceedings，2012，87（5）：437-442．DOI：10.1016/j.mayocp.2011.12.020.
［23］SOLFRIZZI V，CUSTODERO C，LOZUPONE M，et al．Relationships of dietary patterns，foods，and micro- and macronutrients with Alzheimer's disease and late-life cognitive disorders：a systematic review［J］．Journal of Alzheimers disease，2017，59（3）：815-849．DOI：10.3233/JAD-170248.
［24］BESSON M，FORGET B．Cognitive dysfunction，affective states，and vulnerability to nicotine addiction：a multifactorial perspective［J］．Frontiers in Psychiatry，2016，7：160．DOI：10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00160.
［25］RICHARD E，REITZ C，HONIG L H，et al．Late-life depression，mild cognitive impairment，and dementia［J］．JAMA Neurology，2013，70（3）：383-389．DOI：10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.603.
［26］ISMAIL Z，ELBAYOUMI H，FISCHER C E，et al．Prevalence of depression in patients with mild cognitive impairment：a systematic review and meta-analysis［J］．JAMA Psychiatry，2017，74（1）：58-67．DOI：10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.3162.
［27］SHAHNAWAZ Z，REPPERMUND S，BRODATY H，et al．Prevalence and characteristics of depression in mild cognitive impairment：the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study［J］．Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica，2013，127（5）：394-402．DOI：10.1111/acps.12008.
［28］BROWN P J，SNEED J R，RUTHERFORD B R，et al．The nuances of cognition and depression in older adults：the need for a comprehensive assessment［J］．International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry，2014，29（5）：506-514．DOI：10.1002/gps.4033.
［29］DLUGAJ M，WINKLER A，DRAGANO N，et al．Depression and mild cognitive impairment in the general population：results of the Heinz Nixdorf recall study［J］．Journal of Alzheimer's Disease，2015，45（1）：159-174．DOI：10.3233/JAD-142178.
［30］JOHNSON L A，MAUER C，JAHN D，et al．Cognitive differences among depressed and non-depressed MCI participants：a project frontier study［J］．International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry，2013，28（4）：377-382．DOI：10.1002/gps.3835.
［31］DONG H S，HAN C，JEON S W，et al．Characteristics of neurocognitive functions in mild cognitive impairment with depression［J］．International Psychogeriatrics，2016，28（7）：1181-1190．DOI：10.1017/S1041610216000314.
［32］YOON S，SHIN C，HAN C．Depression and cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment：a 1-year follow-up study［J］．Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology，2017，30（5）：280-288．DOI：10.1177/0891988717723741.
［33］LEE G J，LU P H，HUA X，et al．Depressive symptoms in mild cognitive impairment predict greater atrophy in alzheimer's disease-related regions［J］．Biol Psychiatry，2012，71（9）：814-821．DOI：10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.12.024.
［34］COOPER C，SOMMERLAD A，LYKETSOS C G，et al．Modifiable predictors of dementia in mild cognitive impairment：a systematic review and meta-analysis［J］．American Journal of Psychiatry，2015，172（4）：323-334．DOI：10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14070878.
［35］MOURAO R J，MANSUR G，MALLOY-DINIZ L F，et al．Depressive symptoms increase the risk of progression to dementia in subjects with mild cognitive impairment：systematic review and meta-analysis［J］．International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry，2016，31（8）：905-911．DOI：10.1002/gps.4406.
［36］CARACI F，SPAMPINATO S F，MORGESE M G，et al．Neurobiological links between depression and AD：the role of TGF-beta1 signaling as a new pharmacological target［J］．Pharmacol Res，2018，130：374-384．DOI：10.1016/j.phrs.2018.02.007.
［37］JEHN C F，BECKER B，FLATH B，et al．Neurocognitive function，brain-derived neurotrophic factor（BDNF） and IL-6 levels in cancer patients with depression［J］．Journal of Neuroimmunology，2015，287：88-92．DOI：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.08.012.
［38］FAILLA M D，JUENGST S B，ARENTH P M，et al．Preliminary associations between brain-derived neurotrophic factor，memory impairment，functional cognition，and depressive symptoms following severe TBI［J］．Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair，2016，30（5）：419-430．DOI：10.1177/1545968315600525.
［39］WILSON R S，BOYLE P A，CAPUANO A W，et al．Late-life depression is not associated with dementia-related pathology［J］．Neuropsychology，2016，30（2）：135-142．DOI：10.1037/neu0000223.
［40］BROWN E S，HUGHES C W，MCCOLL R，et al．Association of depressive symptoms with hippocampal volume in 1 936 adults［J］．Neuropsychopharmacology，2014，39（3）：770-779．DOI：10.1038/npp.2013.271.
［41］TAYLOR W D，MCQUOID D R，PAYNE M E，et al．Hippocampus atrophy and the longitudinal course of late-life depression［J］．American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry，2014，22（12）：1504-1512．DOI：10.1016/j.jagp.2013.11.004.
［42］KARAM G，ITANI L．Depression，anxiety，and memory impairment among geriatric inpatient subjects［J］．International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry，2014，29（9）：988-990．DOI：10.1002/gps.4127.
［43］DE BRUIJN R F，DIREK N，MIRZA S S，et al．Anxiety is not associated with the risk of dementia or cognitive decline：the Rotterdam study［J］．American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry，2014，22（12）：1382-1390．DOI：10.1016/j.jagp.2014.03.001.
［44］CHEN C，HU Z，JIAN Z，et al．Prevalence of anxiety in patients with mild cognitive impairment：a systematic review and meta-analysis［J］．Journal of Affective Disorders，2018，236：211-221．DOI：10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.110.
［45］LI X X，LI Z．The impact of anxiety on the progression of mild cognitive impairment to dementia in Chinese and English data bases：a systematic review and meta-analysis［J］．International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry，2018，33（1）：131-140．DOI：10.1002/gps.4694.
［46］2017年社会服务发展统计公报［EB/OL］．（2018-08-02）［2018-09-16］．http：//www.mca.gov.cn/article/sj/tjgb/201808/20180800010446.shtml.
［47］JIA J P，ZHOU A H，WEI C B，et al．The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and its etiological subtypes in elderly Chinese［J］．Alzheimer's ＆ Dementia，2014，10（4）：439-447．DOI：10.1016/j.jalz.2013.09.008.
［48］王庆妍，唐四元，蒋芬，等．老年期痴呆照顾者虐待行为研究进展［J］．中国老年学杂志，2013，33（4）：988-991．DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1005-9202.2013.04.125.
WANG Q Y，TANG S Y，JIANG F，et al．Research progress on maltreatment behavior of caregivers with senile dementia［J］．Chinese Journal of Gerontology，2013，33（4）：988-991．DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1005-9202.2013.04.125.
［49］王芬芬，唐丽，蒋天武，等．社区三级管理模式干预老年轻度认知障碍的效果评价［J］．浙江预防医学，2013，25（5）：5-8．DOI：10.19485/j.cnki.issn1007-0931.2013.05.002.
WANG F F，TANG L，JIANG T W，et al．The evaluation of intervention effect of three-level community management mode on elderly with mild cognitive impairment［J］．Zhejiang Journal of Preventive Medicine，2013，25（5）：5-8．DOI：10.19485/j.cnki.issn1007-0931.2013.05.002.
［50］赵春善，高玲，方今女．吉林地区60岁以上农村老年人轻度认知障碍患病现状及影响因素［J］．中国农村卫生事业管理，2015，35（11）：1434-1437.
ZHAO C S，GAO L，FANG J N．The prevalence and influencing factors of mild cognitive impairment in rural elderly over 60 years old in Jilin region［J］．Chinese Rural Health Service Administration，2015，35（11）：1434-1437.
［51］李茂坤，杨涛，张岚，等．轻度脑外伤患者弥散张量成像与认知功能［J］．中国神经精神疾病杂志，2015，41（4）：229-234．DOI：10.3936/j.issn.1002-0152.2015.04.008.
LI M K，YANG T，ZHANG L，et al．The study of diffusion tensor imaging and cognitive function in patients with asymptomatic mild traumat-ic brain injury［J］．Chinese Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases，2015，41（4）：229-234．DOI：10.3936/j.issn.1002-0152.2015.04.008.
［52］伍文彬，葛玉霞，王飞，等．35例轻度认知障碍中老年人抑郁相关因素分析［J］．现代临床医学，2013，39（1）：39-40．DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1673-1557.2013.01.018.
WU W B，GE Y X，WANG F，et al．Analysis of depression related factors in 35 elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment［J］．Journal of Modern Clinical Medicine，2013，39（1）：39-40．DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1673-1557.2013.01.018.
［53］梁小妞，丁玎，罗剑锋，等．焦虑和抑郁症状与老年认知功能障碍的相关性研究［J］．中国临床神经科学，2015，23（6）：635-641.
LIANG X N，DING D，LUO J F，et al．The association between anxiety and depression symptoms and cognitive impairment in elderly［J］．Chinese Journal of Clinical Neurosciences，2015，23（6）：635-641.
［54］尹烈虎，蒋瑜，张弘，等．社区老年人痴呆和轻度认知功能障碍及其与焦虑、抑郁症状的关系分析［J］．国际精神病学杂志，2017，44（3）：460-462．DOI：10.13479/j.cnki.jip.2017.03.024.
YIN L H，JIANG Y，ZHANG H，et al．Relationship between dementia，mild cognitive impairment and anxiety and depression in community-dwelling elders［J］．Journal of International Psychiatry，2017，44（3）：460-462．DOI：10.13479/j.cnki.jip.2017.03.024.
［55］刘妍，黄小波，陈文强，等．老年遗忘型轻度认知障碍患者认知功能与抑郁障碍的相关性分析［J］．中国医药导报，2018，15（5）：66-70.
LIU Y，HUANG X B，CHEN W Q，et al．Relationship of cognitive function and depression in elderly patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment［J］．China Medical Herald，2018，15（5）：66-70.
［56］史亚楠，方柳絮，杨莉莉，等．轻度认知障碍与抑郁情绪的独立关系［J］．现代预防医学，2017，44（11）：2014-2017.
SHI Y N，FANG L X，YANG L L，et al．Independent relationship between mild cognitive impairment and depression［J］．Modern Preventive Medicine，2017，44（11）：2014-2017.
［57］余华，姜红艳，赵旭东，等．老年期痴呆患者家庭照顾者照顾体验的结构方程模型分析［J］．中国心理卫生杂志，2015，29（5）：336-342．DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2015.05.007.
YU H，JIANG H Y，ZHAO X D，et al．A structural equation modeling of caregiving experiences of family caregivers caring for people with dementia［J］．Chinese Mental Health Journal，2015，29（5）：336-342．DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2015.05.007.
［58］ORGETA V，QAZI A，SPECTOR A，et al．Psychological treatments for depression and anxiety in dementia and mild cognitive impairment：systematic review and meta-analysis［J］．British Journal of Psychiatry，2015，207（4）：293-298．DOI：10.1192/bjp.bp.114.148130.

[1]	WANG Yue, CHEN Qing, LIU Lurong. Detection Rate of Depression and Its Influencing Factors in Chinese Elderly: a Meta-analysis [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(34): 4329-4335.
[2]	WANG Xiaoran, ZHANG Dan. Influence of Multimorbidity on Anxiety Symptoms among Chinese Elderly People: a Propensity Score-matched Study [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(29): 3622-3627.
[3]	YANG Lu, ZONG Zhanhong, YI Yingying. Current Status and Influencing Factors of Depression among Rural Middle-aged and Elderly Women in China [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(25): 3091-3095.
[4]	LI Zimeng, WANG Rong, CHEN Shuai, ZHAO Caili, WANG Xiaocong, WEN Yalu, LIU Long. Application of metaPRS and APOEε4 to Optimize Genetic Risk Prediction Modeling Strategy for Mild Cognitive Impairment [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(25): 3104-3111.
[5]	YIN Cong, DIAO He, SHENG Wei, CAO Yan, BAI Wenpei. Influence of Daily Self-weighing Supported by Online Supervision on Body Composition and Emotions in Overweight/Obese Women with Anxiety and Depression [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(24): 2992-2996.
[6]	ZHANG Xinyi, XU Muzi, ZHENG Yan, ZHAO Yue. Advances in Health Anxiety and Its Online Cognitive-behavioral Interventions [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(23): 2936-2942.
[7]	WANG Minghuan, LI Yuhong, YUAN Dehui, YU Min, HAN Baoliang, YU Qiaozhi, YANG Fangfang, ZHANG Qin. Correlation between Allostatic Load Level and Depression among Women in Early Pregnancy [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(21): 2609-2613.
[8]	YU Yanxue, BAI Ruyu, YU Wenlong, GUO Xia, WU Li'e. Occurrence Status and Influencing Factors of Cognitive Dysfunction in Population Aged 60 and Above [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(21): 2581-2588.
[9]	GE Anxin, ZHANG Guiqing, JIANG Liang, XING Wenlong, HU Min, LI Haohao, MENG Yao. Epidemiological Survey of the Prevalence and Associated Factors of Mental Disorders in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(19): 2395-2401.
[10]	MENG Huilin, GUO Fei, CHEN Zhiyan. Influence of Parent-grandparent Coparenting Conflict on Grandparents' Depression Mediated by Grandparents' Sense of Mastery and Moderated by Their Sense of Valued Elder [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(16): 2004-2012.
[11]	MA Yunyun, SONG Yulei, LIANG Xiao, GAO Jiaojiao, QI Xinru, WANG Ye, XU Guihua, BAI Yamei. Value of Reduced Taste Recognition Ability in Early Warning of Mild Cognitive Impairment [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(16): 1984-1988,2003.
[12]	YUAN Dehui, LI Yuhong, DONG Yuanyuan, WANG Minghuan. Relationship between Different Personality Traits and Postpartum Depression: a Meta-analysis [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(14): 1775-1782.
[13]	JIANG Yue, LI Jie. General Practitioner Implements Family Therapy for a Depressed Patient [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(13): 1667-1670.
[14]	DU Yeming, ZHANG Yunqiao, WANG Zongqi, MIN Xue, CUI Yalian, WANG Yanfang. Characteristics of Somatic Symptoms and Their Correlations with Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor and Inflammatory Cytokinesin Patients with Major Depressive Disorder [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(12): 1463-1471.
[15]	WEI Zhuqin, ZHANG Ruoyu, ZHANG Chen, SU Liming, HUANG Cheng, ZHANG Junwei, QIAN Mincai, QI Hengnian, WANG Lina. Characteristics and Application Value of Handwriting in Elderly Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(10): 1224-1233.