Abstract: Vascular cognitive disorders（VCD） includes all levels of cognitive loss from mild deficits in one or more cognitive domains to a broad dementia syndrome due to cerebral vessel disease or the risks of vascular diseases.Vascular diseases themselves may be related to brain imaging changes,and there are many studies about the relationship between these changes and cognitive impairment,but the research conclusion is inconsistent.Multi-modality imaging technique can assess the structure and function of brain of patients with VCD,which is beneficial to the further study of early diagnosis and pathophysiology of VCD,and it plays a more and more important role in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of VCD. Here is a review about the research advances of VCD using structural imaging（such as sMRI and DTI）,functional imaging（such as fMRI,MRS and PET） and imaging combined with brain network analysis.Multi-modality imaging is an important method which can be used to explore the brain structure,the brain function and the relationship between cognitive behaviors and brain. The application prospect of this emerging interdisciplinary combination technique is wide,and the technique will bring benefit to the establishment of uniform diagnostic criteria and early diagnosis of VCD.

Key words: Cognition disorders, Magnetic resonance imaging, Positron-emission tomography, Diagnosis, Review

摘要： 血管性认知障碍（VCD）是一类由脑血管病危险因素和脑血管病引起的从轻度认知障碍到痴呆综合征的认知障碍全过程。脑血管病本身可出现相应的脑影像学改变，而这些改变和认知损伤的关系目前研究很多，但结论尚不统一。多模态影像学技术可对VCD患者的脑结构、功能进行评价，有利于对VCD的早期诊断及病理生理学进行进一步的研究，并在VCD诊断及鉴别诊断中的作用也越来越显著。本文通过回顾结构影像学〔如结构磁共振成像（sMRI）、弥散张量成像（DTI）〕、功能影像学〔如功能磁共振成像（fMRI）、磁共振波谱（MRS）、正电子发射断层摄影术（PET）〕及影像结合脑网络分析方法对VCD的研究现状，说明多模态影像学用于探究脑结构、功能与认知改变间的关系的重要性，以及这一新兴跨学科结合探索研究方法应用前景的广阔性，为寻求VCD统一的诊断标准及早期诊断提供思路。

关键词: 认知障碍, 磁共振成像, 正电子发射断层显像术, 诊断, 综述