Primary healthcare services play a significant role in health system in China. Yet, constrained by poor capacity and skills of the professionals, there remains significant room for improvement in its service effectiveness. Artificial intelligence has the potential to empower primary health care system. This article thoroughly examined the progress and challenges of applying artificial intelligence to primary health care system. Artificial intelligence has been widely used in diagnosis and treatment, health management and health education, public health service management, and the optimization of health resource allocation. However, there is a lot of public concern about data quality, date safety, and ethical issues. To achieve Healthy China 2030, the following suggestions merit consideration: pooling expert resources at the national level to advance the development of artificial intelligence, accelerating the industrialization of artificial intelligence in primary health care system, and closing legislation and regulation gaps in artificial intelligence.

基层医疗卫生机构是我国卫生体系的重要基石。然而，受诊疗能力相对薄弱等因素制约，其服务效能仍有较大提升空间。人工智能技术的引入，为赋能基层医疗服务提供了新的可能。本文深入梳理人工智能在基层医疗卫生系统的应用进展，发现其可以辅助诊疗，助力数智化健康管理和健康教育、公共医疗服务数智化管理，同时有助于优化医疗卫生资源配置。但人工智能的应用仍面临数据质量、数据安全、伦理规范等多重挑战。展望未来，建议在国家层面集聚专家资源推进技术研发与成果转化，加快人工智能在基层医疗卫生服务中的落地应用，补齐人工智能领域立法和监管"短板"，进而助力健康中国建设。