Chinese General Practice ›› 2023, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (26): 3314-3319.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0111
• Original Research • Previous Articles Next Articles
Received:
2023-02-20
Revised:
2023-04-12
Published:
2023-09-15
Online:
2023-04-28
Contact:
BAI Yamei
通讯作者:
柏亚妹
作者简介:
基金资助:
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URL: https://www.chinagp.net/EN/10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0111
项目 | 例数 | 构成比(%) | 项目 | 例数 | 构成比(%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
年龄(岁) | 受教育年限(年) | ||||
60~69 | 326 | 43.0 | 0~6 | 171 | 22.6 |
70~79 | 288 | 38.0 | 7~9 | 248 | 32.7 |
>80 | 144 | 19.0 | 10~12 | 181 | 23.9 |
性别 | ≥13 | 158 | 20.8 | ||
男 | 355 | 46.8 | 职业性质 | ||
女 | 403 | 53.2 | 体力劳动 | 240 | 31.7 |
BMI | 体脑结合劳动 | 194 | 25.6 | ||
偏轻 | 31 | 4.1 | 脑力劳动 | 324 | 42.7 |
正常 | 342 | 45.1 | 平均月收入(元) | ||
超重 | 312 | 41.2 | <3 000 | 307 | 40.5 |
肥胖 | 73 | 9.6 | 3 000~5 000 | 226 | 29.8 |
婚姻状况 | >5 000 | 225 | 29.7 | ||
未婚 | 3 | 0.4 | 高血压 | ||
已婚 | 650 | 85.8 | 无 | 396 | 52.2 |
离婚或分居 | 4 | 0.5 | 有 | 362 | 47.8 |
丧偶 | 101 | 13.3 | 心脏病 | ||
子女数(个) | 无 | 583 | 76.9 | ||
0 | 9 | 1.2 | 有 | 175 | 23.1 |
1 | 392 | 51.7 | 糖尿病 | ||
2~3 | 324 | 42.7 | 无 | 607 | 80.1 |
≥4 | 33 | 4.4 | 有 | 151 | 19.9 |
高血脂 | |||||
无 | 586 | 77.3 | |||
有 | 172 | 22.7 |
Table 1 Demographic data of 758 community-living elderly participants in Jiangsu Province
项目 | 例数 | 构成比(%) | 项目 | 例数 | 构成比(%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
年龄(岁) | 受教育年限(年) | ||||
60~69 | 326 | 43.0 | 0~6 | 171 | 22.6 |
70~79 | 288 | 38.0 | 7~9 | 248 | 32.7 |
>80 | 144 | 19.0 | 10~12 | 181 | 23.9 |
性别 | ≥13 | 158 | 20.8 | ||
男 | 355 | 46.8 | 职业性质 | ||
女 | 403 | 53.2 | 体力劳动 | 240 | 31.7 |
BMI | 体脑结合劳动 | 194 | 25.6 | ||
偏轻 | 31 | 4.1 | 脑力劳动 | 324 | 42.7 |
正常 | 342 | 45.1 | 平均月收入(元) | ||
超重 | 312 | 41.2 | <3 000 | 307 | 40.5 |
肥胖 | 73 | 9.6 | 3 000~5 000 | 226 | 29.8 |
婚姻状况 | >5 000 | 225 | 29.7 | ||
未婚 | 3 | 0.4 | 高血压 | ||
已婚 | 650 | 85.8 | 无 | 396 | 52.2 |
离婚或分居 | 4 | 0.5 | 有 | 362 | 47.8 |
丧偶 | 101 | 13.3 | 心脏病 | ||
子女数(个) | 无 | 583 | 76.9 | ||
0 | 9 | 1.2 | 有 | 175 | 23.1 |
1 | 392 | 51.7 | 糖尿病 | ||
2~3 | 324 | 42.7 | 无 | 607 | 80.1 |
≥4 | 33 | 4.4 | 有 | 151 | 19.9 |
高血脂 | |||||
无 | 586 | 77.3 | |||
有 | 172 | 22.7 |
分类 | 例数 | MoCA总分 | F值 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|
脑力活动频率(次/周) | 21.061 | <0.001 | ||
<1 | 285 | 23.22±3.98 | ||
1~2 | 73 | 25.02±3.07a | ||
3~4 | 86 | 25.32±3.21a | ||
≥5 | 314 | 25.32±3.07a | ||
脑力活动类型数量(种) | 24.080 | <0.001 | ||
0 | 197 | 23.04±3.94 | ||
1 | 279 | 24.37±3.69b | ||
2 | 183 | 25.38±2.92bc | ||
≥3 | 99 | 26.19±2.33bc |
Table 2 Comparison of the MoCA total score among community-living elderly people by the frequency and the number of types of intellectual activities
分类 | 例数 | MoCA总分 | F值 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|
脑力活动频率(次/周) | 21.061 | <0.001 | ||
<1 | 285 | 23.22±3.98 | ||
1~2 | 73 | 25.02±3.07a | ||
3~4 | 86 | 25.32±3.21a | ||
≥5 | 314 | 25.32±3.07a | ||
脑力活动类型数量(种) | 24.080 | <0.001 | ||
0 | 197 | 23.04±3.94 | ||
1 | 279 | 24.37±3.69b | ||
2 | 183 | 25.38±2.92bc | ||
≥3 | 99 | 26.19±2.33bc |
学习新知识 | 例数 | MoCA总分 | 视空间与执行能力 | 命名 | 注意 | 语言 | 抽象 | 延迟回忆/记忆 | 定向 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
无 | 588 | 24.25±3.67 | 3.38±1.31 | 2.63±0.62 | 5.52±0.78 | 2.41±0.75 | 1.34±0.74 | 2.29±1.54 | 5.88±0.45 |
有 | 170 | 25.39±3.14 | 3.83±1.21 | 2.69±0.58 | 5.59±0.70 | 2.56±0.64 | 1.59±0.62 | 2.52±1.61 | 5.88±0.42 |
t值 | -4.017 | -3.979 | -1.303 | -1.093 | -2.691 | -4.481 | -1.690 | -0.124 | |
P值 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.194 | 0.275 | 0.008 | <0.001 | 0.092 | 0.901 |
Table 3 Comparison of the MoCA total score and cognitive domain scores among community-living elderly people with or without learning new knowledge
学习新知识 | 例数 | MoCA总分 | 视空间与执行能力 | 命名 | 注意 | 语言 | 抽象 | 延迟回忆/记忆 | 定向 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
无 | 588 | 24.25±3.67 | 3.38±1.31 | 2.63±0.62 | 5.52±0.78 | 2.41±0.75 | 1.34±0.74 | 2.29±1.54 | 5.88±0.45 |
有 | 170 | 25.39±3.14 | 3.83±1.21 | 2.69±0.58 | 5.59±0.70 | 2.56±0.64 | 1.59±0.62 | 2.52±1.61 | 5.88±0.42 |
t值 | -4.017 | -3.979 | -1.303 | -1.093 | -2.691 | -4.481 | -1.690 | -0.124 | |
P值 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.194 | 0.275 | 0.008 | <0.001 | 0.092 | 0.901 |
阅读 | 例数 | MoCA总分 | 视空间与执行能力 | 命名 | 注意 | 语言 | 抽象 | 延迟回忆/记忆 | 定向 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
无 | 470 | 23.82±3.76 | 3.24±1.35 | 2.61±0.65 | 5.45±0.82 | 2.33±0.78 | 1.29±0.76 | 2.19±1.58 | 5.86±0.49 |
有 | 288 | 25.62±2.99 | 3.88±1.11 | 2.70±0.55 | 5.66±0.65 | 2.62±0.61 | 1.56±0.62 | 2.60±1.50 | 5.91±0.35 |
t值 | -7.275 | -7.064 | -2.160 | -3.838 | -5.681 | -5.214 | -3.500 | -1.457 | |
P值 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.031 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.145 |
Table 4 Comparison of the MoCA total score and cognitive domain scores among community-living elderly people with or without reading
阅读 | 例数 | MoCA总分 | 视空间与执行能力 | 命名 | 注意 | 语言 | 抽象 | 延迟回忆/记忆 | 定向 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
无 | 470 | 23.82±3.76 | 3.24±1.35 | 2.61±0.65 | 5.45±0.82 | 2.33±0.78 | 1.29±0.76 | 2.19±1.58 | 5.86±0.49 |
有 | 288 | 25.62±2.99 | 3.88±1.11 | 2.70±0.55 | 5.66±0.65 | 2.62±0.61 | 1.56±0.62 | 2.60±1.50 | 5.91±0.35 |
t值 | -7.275 | -7.064 | -2.160 | -3.838 | -5.681 | -5.214 | -3.500 | -1.457 | |
P值 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.031 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.145 |
唱歌 | 例数 | MoCA总分 | 视空间与执行能力 | 命名 | 注意 | 语言 | 抽象 | 延迟回忆/记忆 | 定向 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
无 | 699 | 24.44±3.66 | 3.45±1.31 | 2.64±0.62 | 5.52±0.77 | 2.43±0.74 | 1.38±0.73 | 2.34±1.58 | 5.88±0.45 |
有 | 59 | 25.29±2.59 | 3.90±1.14 | 2.71±0.53 | 5.64±0.66 | 2.63±0.58 | 1.47±0.65 | 2.44±1.39 | 5.98±0.38 |
t值 | -2.328 | -2.562 | -0.906 | -1.173 | -2.460 | -0.919 | -0.487 | -0.049 | |
P值 | 0.022 | 0.011 | 0.365 | 0.241 | 0.016 | 0.358 | 0.626 | 0.961 |
Table 5 Comparison of the MoCA total score and cognitive domain scores among community-living elderly people with or without singing
唱歌 | 例数 | MoCA总分 | 视空间与执行能力 | 命名 | 注意 | 语言 | 抽象 | 延迟回忆/记忆 | 定向 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
无 | 699 | 24.44±3.66 | 3.45±1.31 | 2.64±0.62 | 5.52±0.77 | 2.43±0.74 | 1.38±0.73 | 2.34±1.58 | 5.88±0.45 |
有 | 59 | 25.29±2.59 | 3.90±1.14 | 2.71±0.53 | 5.64±0.66 | 2.63±0.58 | 1.47±0.65 | 2.44±1.39 | 5.98±0.38 |
t值 | -2.328 | -2.562 | -0.906 | -1.173 | -2.460 | -0.919 | -0.487 | -0.049 | |
P值 | 0.022 | 0.011 | 0.365 | 0.241 | 0.016 | 0.358 | 0.626 | 0.961 |
益智游戏 | 例数 | MoCA总分 | 视空间与执行能力 | 命名 | 注意 | 语言 | 抽象 | 延迟回忆/记忆 | 定向 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
无 | 701 | 24.38±3.64 | 3.43±1.30 | 2.63±0.62 | 5.53±0.77 | 2.42±0.74 | 1.38±0.73 | 2.32±1.57 | 5.87±0.45 |
有 | 57 | 26.04±2.60 | 4.18±1.02 | 2.77±0.46 | 5.58±0.75 | 2.74±0.55 | 1.54±0.63 | 2.61±1.45 | 5.92±0.32 |
t值 | -4.451 | -5.207 | -2.129 | -0.484 | -4.058 | -1.875 | -1.351 | -0.906 | |
P值 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.037 | 0.628 | <0.001 | 0.065 | 0.177 | 0.365 |
Table 6 Comparison of the MoCA total score and cognitive domain scores among community-living elderly people with or without playing puzzle games
益智游戏 | 例数 | MoCA总分 | 视空间与执行能力 | 命名 | 注意 | 语言 | 抽象 | 延迟回忆/记忆 | 定向 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
无 | 701 | 24.38±3.64 | 3.43±1.30 | 2.63±0.62 | 5.53±0.77 | 2.42±0.74 | 1.38±0.73 | 2.32±1.57 | 5.87±0.45 |
有 | 57 | 26.04±2.60 | 4.18±1.02 | 2.77±0.46 | 5.58±0.75 | 2.74±0.55 | 1.54±0.63 | 2.61±1.45 | 5.92±0.32 |
t值 | -4.451 | -5.207 | -2.129 | -0.484 | -4.058 | -1.875 | -1.351 | -0.906 | |
P值 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.037 | 0.628 | <0.001 | 0.065 | 0.177 | 0.365 |
辅导孙辈功课 | 例数 | MoCA总分 | 视空间与执行能力 | 命名 | 注意 | 语言 | 抽象 | 延迟回忆/记忆 | 定向 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
无 | 716 | 24.38±3.62 | 3.43±1.31 | 2.64±0.61 | 5.52±0.77 | 2.43±0.74 | 1.38±0.72 | 2.30±1.57 | 5.87±0.45 |
有 | 42 | 26.67±2.34 | 4.31±0.87 | 2.71±0.60 | 5.73±0.73 | 2.60±0.59 | 1.57±0.63 | 3.09±1.12 | 5.95±0.22 |
t值 | -5.922 | -6.131 | -0.781 | -1.869 | -1.700 | -1.665 | -4.340 | -2.092 | |
P值 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.435 | 0.068 | 0.096 | 0.096 | <0.001 | 0.040 |
Table 7 Comparison of the MoCA total score and cognitive domain scores among community-living elderly people with or without helping grand children with their homework
辅导孙辈功课 | 例数 | MoCA总分 | 视空间与执行能力 | 命名 | 注意 | 语言 | 抽象 | 延迟回忆/记忆 | 定向 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
无 | 716 | 24.38±3.62 | 3.43±1.31 | 2.64±0.61 | 5.52±0.77 | 2.43±0.74 | 1.38±0.72 | 2.30±1.57 | 5.87±0.45 |
有 | 42 | 26.67±2.34 | 4.31±0.87 | 2.71±0.60 | 5.73±0.73 | 2.60±0.59 | 1.57±0.63 | 3.09±1.12 | 5.95±0.22 |
t值 | -5.922 | -6.131 | -0.781 | -1.869 | -1.700 | -1.665 | -4.340 | -2.092 | |
P值 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.435 | 0.068 | 0.096 | 0.096 | <0.001 | 0.040 |
演奏乐器 | 例数 | MoCA总分 | 视空间与执行能力 | 命名 | 注意 | 语言 | 抽象 | 延迟回忆/记忆 | 定向 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
无 | 711 | 24.43±3.63 | 3.44±1.31 | 2.64±0.62 | 5.52±0.78 | 2.43±0.74 | 1.39±0.72 | 2.34±1.56 | 5.88±0.44 |
有 | 47 | 25.60±2.91 | 4.09±1.10 | 2.74±0.53 | 5.70±0.59 | 2.70±0.55 | 1.47±0.69 | 2.45±1.53 | 5.87±0.45 |
t值 | -2.606 | -3.828 | -1.349 | -2.011 | -3.261 | -0.749 | -0.459 | 0.100 | |
P值 | 0.012 | <0.001 | 0.183 | 0.049 | 0.002 | 0.454 | 0.647 | 0.920 |
Table 8 Comparison of the MoCA total score and cognitive domain scores among community-living elderly people with or without playing musical instruments
演奏乐器 | 例数 | MoCA总分 | 视空间与执行能力 | 命名 | 注意 | 语言 | 抽象 | 延迟回忆/记忆 | 定向 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
无 | 711 | 24.43±3.63 | 3.44±1.31 | 2.64±0.62 | 5.52±0.78 | 2.43±0.74 | 1.39±0.72 | 2.34±1.56 | 5.88±0.44 |
有 | 47 | 25.60±2.91 | 4.09±1.10 | 2.74±0.53 | 5.70±0.59 | 2.70±0.55 | 1.47±0.69 | 2.45±1.53 | 5.87±0.45 |
t值 | -2.606 | -3.828 | -1.349 | -2.011 | -3.261 | -0.749 | -0.459 | 0.100 | |
P值 | 0.012 | <0.001 | 0.183 | 0.049 | 0.002 | 0.454 | 0.647 | 0.920 |
练习书法 | 例数 | MoCA总分 | 视空间与执行能力 | 命名 | 注意 | 语言 | 抽象 | 延迟回忆/记忆 | 定向 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
无 | 728 | 24.47±3.61 | 3.46±1.30 | 2.63±0.62 | 5.54±0.77 | 2.44±0.73 | 1.39±0.72 | 2.34±1.55 | 5.88±0.45 |
有 | 30 | 25.30±3.05 | 4.13±1.17 | 2.83±0.38 | 5.43±0.73 | 2.63±0.61 | 1.40±0.62 | 2.43±1.77 | 5.90±0.40 |
t值 | -1.234 | -3.101 | -2.725 | 0.717 | -1.713 | -0.063 | -0.314 | -0.269 | |
P值 | 0.218 | 0.004 | 0.010 | 0.474 | 0.096 | 0.949 | 0.754 | 0.788 |
Table 9 Comparison of the MoCA total score and cognitive domain scores among community-living elderly people with or without practicing calligraphy
练习书法 | 例数 | MoCA总分 | 视空间与执行能力 | 命名 | 注意 | 语言 | 抽象 | 延迟回忆/记忆 | 定向 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
无 | 728 | 24.47±3.61 | 3.46±1.30 | 2.63±0.62 | 5.54±0.77 | 2.44±0.73 | 1.39±0.72 | 2.34±1.55 | 5.88±0.45 |
有 | 30 | 25.30±3.05 | 4.13±1.17 | 2.83±0.38 | 5.43±0.73 | 2.63±0.61 | 1.40±0.62 | 2.43±1.77 | 5.90±0.40 |
t值 | -1.234 | -3.101 | -2.725 | 0.717 | -1.713 | -0.063 | -0.314 | -0.269 | |
P值 | 0.218 | 0.004 | 0.010 | 0.474 | 0.096 | 0.949 | 0.754 | 0.788 |
自变量 | B | SE | β | t值 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
学习新知识 | 0.665 | 0.306 | 0.077 | 2.175 | 0.030 |
阅读 | 1.667 | 0.259 | 0.225 | 6.436 | <0.001 |
辅导孙辈功课 | 1.842 | 0.548 | 0.117 | 3.360 | 0.001 |
益智游戏 | 1.241 | 0.480 | 0.091 | 2.585 | 0.010 |
演奏乐器 | 1.184 | 0.518 | 0.080 | 2.286 | 0.023 |
Table 10 Stepwise multiple linear regression of the relationship between various types of intellectual activities and the total MoCA score in community-living elderly residents
自变量 | B | SE | β | t值 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
学习新知识 | 0.665 | 0.306 | 0.077 | 2.175 | 0.030 |
阅读 | 1.667 | 0.259 | 0.225 | 6.436 | <0.001 |
辅导孙辈功课 | 1.842 | 0.548 | 0.117 | 3.360 | 0.001 |
益智游戏 | 1.241 | 0.480 | 0.091 | 2.585 | 0.010 |
演奏乐器 | 1.184 | 0.518 | 0.080 | 2.286 | 0.023 |
认知域 | 自变量 | B | SE | β | t值 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
视空间与执行能力 | 学习新知识 | 0.250 | 0.110 | 0.080 | 2.279 | 0.023 |
阅读 | 0.590 | 0.093 | 0.220 | 6.348 | <0.001 | |
益智游戏 | 0.585 | 0.172 | 0.118 | 3.391 | 0.001 | |
辅导孙辈功课 | 0.711 | 0.197 | 0.125 | 3.613 | <0.001 | |
演奏乐器 | 0.643 | 0.186 | 0.119 | 3.454 | 0.001 | |
命名 | 阅读 | 0.095 | 0.046 | 0.075 | 2.077 | 0.038 |
注意 | 阅读 | 0.207 | 0.057 | 0.131 | 3.630 | <0.001 |
语言 | 阅读 | 0.290 | 0.053 | 0.193 | 5.451 | <0.001 |
益智游戏 | 0.290 | 0.098 | 0.107 | 3.034 | 0.002 | |
演奏乐器 | 0.278 | 0.107 | 0.092 | 2.597 | 0.010 | |
抽象 | 学习新知识 | 0.219 | 0.062 | 0.127 | 3.556 | <0.001 |
阅读 | 0.241 | 0.053 | 0.163 | 4.552 | <0.001 | |
延迟回忆/记忆 | 学习新知识 | 0.727 | 0.246 | 0.107 | 2.959 | 0.003 |
阅读 | 0.377 | 0.116 | 0.117 | 3.258 | 0.001 |
Table 11 Stepwise multiple linear regression of the relationship between various types of intellectual activities and MoCA cognitive domain scores in community-living elderly residents
认知域 | 自变量 | B | SE | β | t值 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
视空间与执行能力 | 学习新知识 | 0.250 | 0.110 | 0.080 | 2.279 | 0.023 |
阅读 | 0.590 | 0.093 | 0.220 | 6.348 | <0.001 | |
益智游戏 | 0.585 | 0.172 | 0.118 | 3.391 | 0.001 | |
辅导孙辈功课 | 0.711 | 0.197 | 0.125 | 3.613 | <0.001 | |
演奏乐器 | 0.643 | 0.186 | 0.119 | 3.454 | 0.001 | |
命名 | 阅读 | 0.095 | 0.046 | 0.075 | 2.077 | 0.038 |
注意 | 阅读 | 0.207 | 0.057 | 0.131 | 3.630 | <0.001 |
语言 | 阅读 | 0.290 | 0.053 | 0.193 | 5.451 | <0.001 |
益智游戏 | 0.290 | 0.098 | 0.107 | 3.034 | 0.002 | |
演奏乐器 | 0.278 | 0.107 | 0.092 | 2.597 | 0.010 | |
抽象 | 学习新知识 | 0.219 | 0.062 | 0.127 | 3.556 | <0.001 |
阅读 | 0.241 | 0.053 | 0.163 | 4.552 | <0.001 | |
延迟回忆/记忆 | 学习新知识 | 0.727 | 0.246 | 0.107 | 2.959 | 0.003 |
阅读 | 0.377 | 0.116 | 0.117 | 3.258 | 0.001 |
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