上海市残疾人眼科检查结果分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2016.34.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的　了解上海市残疾人的眼科检查情况，为残疾人眼病预防、治疗及健康指导提供依据。方法　通过上海市残疾人联合会的“康复综合信息平台”，收集2011年1月—2014年8月上海市阳光康复中心和2013年1月—2014年6月上海市康复职业培训中心的残疾人眼科健康体检数据75 336份（上海市阳光康复中心45 084份，上海市康复职业培训中心30 252份）。主要收集内容包括残疾人的基本人口学情况、残疾特征及眼科体检结果。比较并分析不同性别、年龄、疾病特征残疾人的眼科异常结果检出情况。结果　共检出眼科异常结果145种，检出率排在前3位的分别为眼底动脉硬化（37.37%，28 153/75 336）、屈光不正（16.47%，12 406/75 336）、白内障（15.77%，11 879/75 336）。（1）不同性别残疾人的眼底动脉硬化、屈光不正、白内障、胬肉、玻璃体混浊、黄斑变性、视网膜病变、眼底病变检出率比较，差异有统计学意义（P0.05）。（2）不同年龄残疾人的眼底动脉硬化、屈光不正、白内障、胬肉、玻璃体混浊、失明、黄斑变性、视网膜病变、斜视、眼底病变检出率比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。（3）不同残疾类型残疾人的眼底动脉硬化、屈光不正、白内障、胬肉、玻璃体混浊、失明、黄斑变性、视网膜病变、斜视、眼底病变检出率比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。（4）不同等级肢体残疾残疾人的眼底动脉硬化、屈光不正、白内障、胬肉、黄斑变性、斜视检出率比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；不同等级视力残疾残疾人的眼底动脉硬化、屈光不正、白内障、胬肉、玻璃体混浊、失明、黄斑变性、视网膜病变、斜视、眼底病变检出率比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；不同等级智力残疾残疾人的眼底动脉硬化、白内障、胬肉、斜视检出率比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；不同等级听力残疾残疾人的眼底动脉硬化、屈光不正、白内障、胬肉、玻璃体混浊、黄斑变性检出率比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；不同等级精神残疾残疾人的眼底动脉硬化、屈光不正检出率比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；不同等级多重残疾残疾人的屈光不正、玻璃体混浊、黄斑变性、视网膜病变、眼底病变检出率比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论　上海市残疾人的眼科异常结果检出率较高，不同人口学特征残疾人的眼科异常结果检出率间存在差异。建议有针对性地对残疾人进行眼科健康检查，帮助其形成良好生活习惯。

关键词: 残疾人, 健康状况, 眼疾病, 上海

Abstract: Objective　To know ophthalmic testing status of the disabled in Shanghai and provide information of prevention,treatment and health guidance of eye disease for the disabled.Methods　Through the "Comprehensive Information Platform for Rehabilitation" of Shanghai Disabled Persons’ Federation,75 336 ophthalmic examination data of the disabled were collected from Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center from January 2011 to August 2014,and from Shanghai Training Center of Vocation and Rehabilitation from January 2013 to June 2014（45 084 in the former institution and 30 252 in the latter）.The basic demographic situation of the disabled,disabled characteristics and ophthalmologic examination data were mainly collected.The detection results of ophthalmological abnormalities of the disabled with different genders,ages and disease characteristics were compared and analyzed.Results　145 kinds of ophthalmologic abnormalities were detected,and the top three detection rate of ophthalmologic abnormalities were fundus arteriosclerosis（37.37%,28 153/75 336）,ametropia（16.47%,12 406/75 336）,and cataract（15.77%,11 879/75 336） respectively.（1） There were significant differences in the detection rate of fundus arteriosclerosis,ametropia,cataract,pterygium,vitreous opacity,macular degeneration,retinopathy and fundus lesions of the disabled with different genders（P<0.05）;there was no significant difference in the detection rate of blindness and strabismus（P>0.05）.（2）There were significant differences in the detection rate of fundus arteriosclerosis,ametroia ametropia,cataract,pterygium,vitreous opacity,blindness,macular degeneration,retinopathy,strabismus and fundus lesions among the disabled with different ages（P<0.05）.（3）There were significant differences in the detection rate of fundus arteriosclerosis,ametropia,cataract,pterygium,vitreous opacity,blindness,macular degeneration,retinopathy,strabismus and fundus lesions among the disabled with different disability types（P<0.05）.（4）There were significant differences in the detection rate of fundus arteriosclerosis,ametropia,cataract,pterygium,macular degeneration and strabismus among the disabled with different levels of limbs disability（P<0.05）;there were significant differences in the detection rate of fundus arteriosclerosis,ametropia,cataract,pterygium,vitreous opacity,blindness,macular degeneration,retinopathy,strabismus and fundus lesions in the disabled with different levels of vision disability（P<0.05）;there were significant differences in the detection rate of fundus arteriosclerosis,cataract,pterygium and strabismus among the disabled with different levels of intellectual disability（P<0.05）;there were significant differences in the detection rate of fundus arteriosclerosis,cataract,ametropia,pterygium,vitreous opacity and macular degeneration among the disabled with different levels of hearing disability（P<0.05）;there were significant differences in the detection rate of fundus arteriosclerosis and ametropia among the disabled with different levels of mental disability（P<0.05）;there were significant differences in the detection rate of ametropia,vitreous opacity,macular degeneration,retinopathy and fundus lesions among the disabled with different levels of multiple disability（P<0.05）.Conclusion　The detection rate of ophthalmic abnormalities of the disabled in Shanghai is high,and there are differences in the detection rate of ophthalmologic abnormalities among the disabled with different demographic characteristics.It is suggested that ophthalmological health examination should be carried out to help the disabled to form good living habits.

Key words: Disabled persons, Health status, Eye diseases, Shanghai

王倩, 宗莲, 刘斐霞, 张悠然, 康琦, 唐瑞瑞, 白燕, 吕军, 陈刚. 上海市残疾人眼科检查结果分析[J]. 中国全科医学, 2016, 19(34): 4234-4239.

WANG Qian, ZONG Lian, LIU Fei-xia, ZHANG You-ran, KANG Qi, TANG Rui-rui, BAI Yan, LYU Jun, CHEN Gang. Ophthalmic Examination Outcome of Disabled Persons in Shanghai[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2016, 19(34): 4234-4239.

参考文献

［1］上海市人民政府办公厅.上海市人民政府办公厅转发市残联等七部门关于进一步加强本市残疾人康复工作意见的通知［Z］.2004. The General Office of Shanghai Municipal People’s Government.Notice of the General Office of Shanghai Municipal People’s Government forwarded CDPF and other seven departments to further strengthen the city’s rehabilitation work［Z］.2004. ［2］董景五.疾病和有关健康问题的国际统计分类［M］.北京：人民卫生出版社，2008. DONG J W.International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems［M］.Beijing:People’s Medical Publishing House,2008. ［3］闫春华，邢筱冬，范宇.某地区健康体检人群眼科常见病的分析与健康教育［J］.中国医药指南，2013，11（29）：289-290. YAN C H,XING X D,FAN Y.Analysis and health education of common eye diseases in health examination population in a certain area［J］.Guide of China Medicine,2013,11（29）:289-290.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-8194.2013.29.230. [4] 金琴辉，项振扬，郑癑。联合手术治疗老年性白内障合并特发性黄斑前膜的临床疗效 [J]. 中国全科医学，2015，18 (12)：1446-1449. JIN QH, XIANG ZY, ZHENG Y. Clinical curative effect of combined surgery of age related cataract concomitant with idiopathic macular membrane [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2015,18 (12):1446-1449. [5] 陈岚。上海市龙柏社区残疾人体检结果分析 [J]. 上海预防医学杂志，2011，23 (5)：240-241.DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1004-9231.2011.05.025. CHEN L. Analysis of disabled persons examination results in Longbai Community, Shanghai [J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2011,23 (5):240-241.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9231.2011.05.025. [6] 甘露，唐莉，唐飞，等。成都市 767 例干部体检眼科疾病构成分析 [J]. 国际眼科杂志，2013，13 (4)：838-840. GAN L, TANG L, TANG F, et al. Composition analysis on 767 cases of cadres with medical eye disease [J]. International Eye Science, 2013,13 (4):838-840. [7] 穆剑，卢彦，王梅.2236 例眼科住院患者眼病类型分析 [J]. 广州医药，2010，41 (1)：38-39.DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1000-8535.2010.01.018. MU J, LU Y, WANG M. Analysis of the types of eye diseases in 2236 cases of ophthalmic inpatients [J]. Guangzhou Medical Journal, 2010,41 (1):38-39.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-8535.2010.01.018. [8] 李凤莉。原发性高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的影响因素分析 [J]. 中国实用医药，2008，3 (33)：107-109.DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1673-7555.2008.33.077. LI FL. Influencing factors on the formation of carotid atherosclerotic plaque in patients with essential hypertension [J]. China Practical Medical, 2008,3 (33):107-109.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-7555.2008.33.077. [9] 曹瑞华，叶平，秦爱梅。动态动脉硬化指数的影响因素分析 [J]. 中华保健医学杂志，2012，14 (1)：4-6. CAO RH, YE P, QIN AM. The main determinants of ambulatory arterial stiffness index [J]. Chinese Journal of Health Care and Medicine, 2012,14 (1):4-6. [10] 赵清水，张琼，黄少平。北京市房山区农村中老年人群颈动脉硬化及其影响因素的分析 [J]. 中国慢性病预防与控制，2012，20 (6)：701-703. ZHAO QS, ZHANG Q, HUANG SP. Carotid atherosclerosis and its influencing factors among the elderly people in rural areas of Fangshan District, Beijing [J]. Chinese Journal of Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases, 2012,20 (6):701-703. [11] SAWADA A, TOMIDOKORO A, ARAIE M, et al. Refractive errors in an elderly Japanese population: the Tajimi study[J]. Ophthalmology, 2008,115(2):363-370. [12] XU L, LI J, CUI T, et al. Refractive error in urban and rural adult Chinese in Beijing[J]. Ophthalmology, 2005,112(10):1676-1683. [13] 吴微微，彭秀军。不同年龄立体视及随机点光栅板法应用价值研究 [J]. 人民军医，2014，57 (3)：295-297. WU WW, PENG XJ. Study on the application value of three dimensional view and random dot grating plate method [J]. People's Military Surgeon, 2014,57 (3):295-297. [14] 潘林军。上海市书院社区 4981 名 60 岁及以上老年人健康体检结果分析 [J]. 中国初级卫生保健，2013，27 (6)：22-23. PAN LJ. Analyzing health examination results of 4981 people above 60 years in Shanghai Shuyuan Community [J]. Chinese Primary Health Care, 2013,27 (6):22-23. [15] 谢玉泉。我市视力残疾的病因分析 [J]. 江西医药，2010，45 (7)：676-677.DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1006-2238.2010.07.029. XIE YQ. The cause of visual disability in Gao'an City [J]. Jiangxi Medical Journal, 2010,45 (7):676-677.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-2238.2010.07.029.

[1]	严明, 董佳惠, 陆益婷, 赵洋, 方力争, 徐志杰. 社区残疾人慢性病共病治疗负担现状及其影响因素研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2025, 28(32): 4015-4023.
[2]	王慧, 胡银环, 冯显东, 刘莎, 汪洋帆. 农村慢性病与非慢性病居民心理健康状况及心理健康服务需求比较研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2025, 28(31): 3968-3973.
[3]	程璐, 秦存, 柏品清, 王健英, 任亚萍, 胡晓娟, 张宝军, 张磊, 周一心. 儿童中医体质与血脂代谢的相关性：基于浦东新区儿童青少年生长发育及健康队列[J]. 中国全科医学, 2025, 28(06): 751-755.
[4]	张连芳, 郑雅斌, 林雪烽, 谢榕城, 马杰飞. 未成熟血小板比率联合其他指标对脓毒症严重程度及其预后的预测价值研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2024, 27(35): 4417-4425.
[5]	张瑜, 于硕, 王冰清, 冉青青, 张夏芸. 2018—2023年上海市普陀区7~18岁儿童青少年中心性肥胖变化趋势分析[J]. 中国全科医学, 2024, 27(33): 4168-4175.
[6]	龚志忠, 武曦蔼, 黄琇棠, 邱亨嘉. 城乡居民医保整合对老年人自评健康状况和生活满意度的影响研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2024, 27(31): 3905-3910.
[7]	苏比努尔·艾外都力, 古丽巴哈尔·卡德尔, 木开达斯·塔西, 吕宇娟, 卡迪尔亚·那斯尔, 苏比德·阿力木江. 农村地区中老年人群慢性病患病及共病模式对SRH状况的影响研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2024, 27(28): 3520-3528.
[8]	马晓霞, 石济顺, 钮利华, 陈宁清, 丁焱. 新形势下上海市社区母婴保健服务开展现状的质性研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2024, 27(28): 3529-3534.
[9]	黎婉钰, 张含之, 金花, 于德华. 主动健康导向的基层医疗卫生机构健康管理实施状况研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2024, 27(28): 3560-3566.
[10]	李丽莎, 唐琪, 王草, 吴文辉, 吴欢云, 高振奇, 曹文芳, 吕军. 社区老年人合理用药管理模式对患者用药知信行的影响研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2024, 27(25): 3129-3135.
[11]	马乐, 金花, 史玲, 易春涛, 侯进, 陈晨, 宦红梅, 倪衡如, 于德华. 上海市社区卫生服务机构幽门螺杆菌感染诊疗质量分析[J]. 中国全科医学, 2024, 27(19): 2401-2408.
[12]	陈单, 王亚伟, 黄芳, 徐一凡, 张一英, 邵月琴. 2003—2019年上海市嘉定区结直肠癌流行趋势研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2024, 27(10): 1261-1266.
[13]	罗元欣, 彭德荣, 张琳, 刘海英, 谭军. 中老年人群打鼾与动脉粥样硬化心血管疾病10年发病评估风险的相关性研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2024, 27(07): 810-815.
[14]	乔慧, 谢永鑫, 肖文文, 高保锴, 陈可心. 新医改十年宁夏回族自治区农村居民健康状况与卫生服务利用公平性的进展与成效[J]. 中国全科医学, 2023, 26(22): 2726-2733.
[15]	闵淑慧, 胡依, 成晓芬, 郭芮绮, 李贝. 我国流动老年人公共卫生服务利用及健康公平性研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2023, 26(16): 1938-1945.