中国全科医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (20): 2874-2878.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0344

• 论著 • 上一篇    

晚期早产儿及足月儿窒息的母体高危因素研究

宋珍珍1, 陈阳1, 王激雯2, 刘慧珊2, 申思蒙2, 孙莹2, 陈醒2,*()   

  1. 1.210036 江苏省南京市,南京医科大学第一附属医院产科
    2.210036 江苏省南京市,南京医科大学第一附属医院妇科
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-11 修回日期:2025-12-15 出版日期:2026-07-15 发布日期:2026-06-05
  • 通讯作者: 陈醒

  • 作者贡献:

    宋珍珍负责研究的实施,撰写论文;陈阳、王激雯、刘慧珊、申思蒙负责数据的收集与整理及数据统计学分析;孙莹、陈醒进行论文的修订;陈醒提出主要研究目标,负责研究的构思与设计,负责文章的质量控制与审查,对文章整体负责,监督管理。

  • 基金资助:
    江苏省自然科学基金青年基金项目(BK20241132); 江苏省高层次创新创业人才引进计划("双创计划")项目("双创博士"); 江苏省卫生健康委面上项目(M2022078)

Study of Maternal Risk Factors Associated with Neonatal Asphyxia in Late Preterm and Term Infants

SONG Zhenzhen1, CHEN Yang1, WANG Jiwen2, LIU Huishan2, SHEN Simeng2, SUN Ying2, CHEN Xing2,*()   

  1. 1. Department of Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210036, China
    2. Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210036, China
  • Received:2025-07-11 Revised:2025-12-15 Published:2026-07-15 Online:2026-06-05
  • Contact: CHEN Xing

摘要: 背景 新生儿窒息可以引起多器官损害,是新生儿死亡的主要原因之一。早期识别产前高危因素可有效降低新生儿窒息率,减少新生儿不良结局的发生。 目的 分析晚期早产儿和足月儿窒息的母体高危因素。 方法 回顾性分析2022—2024年南京医科大学第一附属医院产科分娩的晚期早产(34周≤孕周<37周)及足月(孕周≥37周)活产经Apgar评分并结合脐动脉血气分析pH值确定的窒息新生儿155例(病例组),按照1∶4比例随机选取同期分娩的620例活产非窒息新生儿作为对照组。获取两组母体的一般资料和产前相关资料,采用二元Logistic回归分析探讨晚期早产儿和足月儿窒息的母体高危因素。 结果 2022—2024年南京医科大学第一附属医院产科分娩的活产新生儿共15 801例,窒息儿377例,新生儿窒息发生率为2.38%(377/15 801)。晚期早产及足月儿窒息发生率为0.98%(155/15 801)。病例组和对照组产前母体年龄、受孕方式、多胎妊娠、子痫前期、瘢痕子宫、B族链球菌(GBS)、贫血发生情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,瘢痕子宫(OR=2.19,95%CI=1.08~4.43)、GBS阳性(OR=27.28,95%CI=16.91~44.01)是晚期早产及足月儿发生新生儿窒息的危险因素(P<0.05)。 结论 加强对瘢痕子宫及GBS携带孕妇的妊娠期管理,对子痫前期、贫血进行早期筛查、规范管理,同时重视高龄、辅助生殖技术妊娠、多胎妊娠的管理,加强妊娠期保健的宣传,采取预防措施,对减少新生儿窒息具有重要意义。

关键词: 新生儿窒息, 晚期早产儿, 足月儿, 高危因素, 瘢痕子宫, B族链球菌

Abstract:

Background

Neonatal asphyxia can cause multi-organ damage and is one of the main causes of neonatal death. Early identification of antenatal high-risk factors can effectively reduce the neonatal asphyxia rate and decrease the occurrence of adverse neonatal outcomes.

Objective

To analyze the maternal high-risk factors for asphyxia in late preterm and full-term infants.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 155 asphyxiated live-born neonates delivered in the Department of Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University from 2022 to 2024, including late preterm infants (34 weeks ≤ gestational age < 37 weeks) and full-term infants (gestational age ≥ 37 weeks). Neonatal asphyxia was diagnosed based on Apgar scores combined with umbilical artery blood gas pH values. A total of 620 non-asphyxiated live-born neonates delivered during the same period were randomly enrolled as the control group at a 1:4 ratio. General maternal data and prenatal related data of the two groups were collected. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to explore maternal high-risk factors for asphyxia in late preterm and full-term infants.

Results

From 2022 to 2024, a total of 15 801 live births were delivered in the Department of Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, with 377 cases of asphyxia, resulting in a neonatal asphyxia (NA) rate of 2.38% (377/15 801). The neonatal asphyxia rate among late preterm and term infants was 0.98% (155/15 801). Among them, high maternal age, assisted reproductive technology, multiple pregnancies, preeclampsia, uterine scars, Group B Streptococcus carriage, and anemia were associated with higher neonatal asphyxia rates, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that uterine scars (OR=2.19, 95%CI=1.08-4.43) and Group B Streptococcus carriage (OR=27.28, 95%CI=16.91-44.01) were independent risk factors for asphyxia in late preterm and full-term infants (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Strengthen the management of pregnant women with scarred uterus and those carrying Group B Streptococcus during pregnancy, early screening and standardized management of preeclampsia and anemia, with a focus on managing high-risk pregnancies such as advanced maternal age, pregnancies achieved through assisted reproductive technology, multiple pregnancies, along with strengthening prenatal health education and implementing preventive measures, are of great significance for reducing neonatal asphyxia.

Key words: Asphyxia neonatorum, Late preterm infants, Term infants, Risk factors, Scarred uterus, Group B streptococcus

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