中国全科医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (05): 597-605.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0172

所属专题: 社区卫生服务最新研究合辑

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于"生命八要素"评分的社区居民心血管健康分布及影响因素研究

夏莹1,2, 吴新日1,2, 张彩琴1,2, 洪忻1,2,*()   

  1. 1.210003 江苏省南京市,南京医科大学附属南京疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染病防制科
    2.211166 江苏省南京市,南京医科大学公共卫生学院
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-19 修回日期:2025-08-25 出版日期:2026-02-15 发布日期:2026-01-05
  • 通讯作者: 洪忻

  • 作者贡献:

    夏莹负责数据整理、统计学分析、论文撰写;吴新日、张彩琴负责数据整理、统计学分析;洪忻负责研究设计/指导、论文修改、经费支持。

    本文首次刊登于Chinese General Practice Journal 2025年第3期(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950559325000288)

  • 基金资助:
    南京市卫生科技发展专项资金项目(ZKX21054)

Distribution and Influencing Factors of Cardiovascular Health among Community Residents Based on the "Life's Essential 8" Score

XIA Ying1,2, WU Xinri1,2, ZHANG Caiqin1,2, HONG Xin1,2,*()   

  1. 1. Department of Non-communicable Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210003, China
    2. School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
  • Received:2025-02-19 Revised:2025-08-25 Published:2026-02-15 Online:2026-01-05
  • Contact: HONG Xin

摘要: 背景 心血管疾病是目前全球发病和死亡的主要原因,心血管健康评分与心血管疾病显著相关,对个体进行心血管健康评估有助于在整个生命周期中改善心血管健康。 目的 调查南京市社区居民心血管健康状况、分布特征及其影响因素,为促进心血管健康和控制心血管疾病发生发展提供依据。 方法 2022年9月—2024年8月,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法选取南京市45 901名35~79岁社区常住居民作为研究对象,接受问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检查,采用"生命八要素"评分标准[包括4个健康行为(饮食、身体活动、吸烟、睡眠)和4个健康因素(BMI、血脂、血糖、血压)]定量评估居民的心血管健康状况,其中<50分为较低心血管健康,50~80分为中等心血管健康,>80分为较高心血管健康。 结果 研究对象心血管健康总评分为(66.9±12.8)分,女性、在婚者、城市居民、非心血管疾病高危对象心血管健康总评分分别高于男性、非在婚者、农村居民、心血管疾病高危对象(P<0.05)。随着年龄增长,心血管健康总评分逐渐下降(P<0.05)。随着文化程度升高,心血管健康总评分逐渐增加(P<0.05)。研究对象饮食、身体活动、吸烟、睡眠、BMI、血脂、血糖、血压评分分别为(37.7±31.0)、(79.8±38.8)、(71.6±40.3)、(84.7±24.0)、(58.8±31.4)、(67.4±29.5)、(79.9±25.4)、(45.8±33.9)分。研究对象心血管健康处于较高、中等以及较低者分别为7 524人(16.4%)、34 071人(74.2%)和4 306人(9.4%)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,以较低心血管健康为参照,女性、55~64岁、65~79岁、初中/高中、大专及以上、当前职业类型为其他人员、非心血管疾病高危对象者处于中等心血管健康的可能性较高,服务人员、白领人员、农村者处于中等心血管健康的可能性较低(P<0.05);女性、初中/高中、大专及以上、当前职业类型为其他人员、非心血管疾病高危对象者处于较高心血管健康的可能性较高,45~54岁、55~64岁、农村者处于较高心血管健康的可能性较低(P<0.05)。 结论 南京市社区居民心血管健康处于中等水平,男性、高龄、低文化程度者、农村居民及心血管疾病高危对象是心血管健康改善的重点干预人群,通过加强对饮食、吸烟、血压等危险因素的干预,全面改善居民的心血管健康状况。

关键词: 心血管疾病, 心血管健康, 生命八要素, 健康行为, 影响因素分析

Abstract:

Background

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Cardiovascular health scores are closely associated with cardiovascular disease. Conducting cardiovascular health assessments for individuals can significantly contribute to the improvement of cardiovascular health across the entire life span.

Objective

To investigate the cardiovascular health status, distribution characteristics, and associated factors among community residents in Nanjing, and provide evidence for the prevention and control of cardiovascular disease.

Methods

From September 2022 to August 2024, a total of 45 901 community-dwelling residents aged 35-79 years in Nanjing were selected using a multistage, stratified, cluster random sampling method. All participants completed questionnaires, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. Cardiovascular health was quantitatively assessed using the "Life's Essential 8" scoring system, which included four health behaviors (diet, physical activity, smoking, and sleep) and four health factors (BMI, blood lipids, blood glucose, and blood pressure). Scores <50 were defined as low cardiovascular health, 50-80 as moderate cardiovascular health, and >80 as high cardiovascular health.

Results

The mean overall cardiovascular health score of the participants was (66.9±12.8). Scores were higher in women, married individuals, urban residents, and those not at high risk of cardiovascular disease than men, unmarried individuals, rural residents, and those at high risk of cardiovascular disease (P<0.05). Scores declined with increasing age and improved with higher educational attainment (P<0.05). The mean scores for diet, physical activity, smoking, sleep, body mass index, blood lipids, blood glucose, and blood pressure were (37.7±31.0), (79.8±38.8), (71.6±40.3), (84.7±24.0), (58.8±31.4), (67.4±29.5), (79.9±25.4), and (45.8±33.9), respectively. Of all participants, 7 524 (16.4%) had high cardiovascular health, 34 071 (74.2%) had moderate cardiovascular health, and 4 306 (9.4%) had low cardiovascular health. Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with those with low cardiovascular health, women, individuals aged 55-64 and 65-79 years, those with junior or senior high school or college and above, individuals in other occupations, and those not at high risk of cardiovascular disease were more likely to have moderate cardiovascular health, whereas service workers, white-collar employees, and rural residents were less likely (P<0.05). Women, individuals with junior or senior high school or college and above, those in other occupations, and those not at high risk of cardiovascular disease were more likely to have high cardiovascular health, while individuals aged 45-54 and 55-64 years and rural residents were less likely (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Cardiovascular health among community residents in Nanjing was at a moderate level. Men, older individuals, those with lower education levels, rural residents, and those at high risk of cardiovascular diseases should be prioritized for targeted interventions. Comprehensive improvement in cardiovascular health can be achieved by strengthening interventions on key risk factors such as diet, smoking, and blood pressure.

Key words: Cardiovascular disease, Cardiovascular health, Life's essential 8, Health behaviors, Root cause analysis