中国全科医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (02): 256-263.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0721

• 论著·流行病学研究 • 上一篇    

1990—2021年中国肺癌发病和死亡趋势分析及2035年预测研究

杨清惠1,2, 胡映雪1, 倪萍蔚1, 刘晓1,2,*()   

  1. 1.637000 四川省南充市,川北医学院临床医学院
    2.611230 四川省成都市第五人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-10 修回日期:2025-06-13 出版日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2025-12-11
  • 通讯作者: 刘晓

  • 作者贡献:

    杨清惠负责统计分析及论文撰写;胡映雪、倪萍蔚负责数据处理及文献检索;刘晓负责文章质量控制、指导及审校,对文章整体负责。

  • 基金资助:
    吴阶平医学基金会临床科研专项资助基金(320.6750.2023-05-84)

Analysis of the Incidence and Mortality Trends of Lung Cancer in China from 1990 to 2021 and Prediction for 2035

YANG Qinghui1,2, HU Yingxue1, NI Pingwei1, LIU Xiao1,2,*()   

  1. 1. School of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
    2. Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu 611230, China
  • Received:2025-04-10 Revised:2025-06-13 Published:2026-01-15 Online:2025-12-11
  • Contact: LIU Xiao

摘要: 背景 肺癌是全球重大公共卫生问题,中国作为肺癌负担较重的国家之一,其发病与死亡趋势受环境、经济及行为因素的多重影响,且存在显著区域异质性。解析肺癌疾病负担的时空驱动机制并提出精准防控策略,对实现"健康中国2030"目标至关重要。 目的 分析并预测1990—2021年中国肺癌发病并死亡趋势,探讨区域环境与经济因素对肺癌流行趋势的空间异质性影响,提出精准防控建议。 方法 基于全球疾病负担(GBD)数据,提取中国1990—2021年不同性别、年龄的肺癌发病和死亡人数、年龄标化发病率及年龄标化死亡率数据。采用年龄-时期-队列模型、联结点回归(JPR)模型及Holt指数平滑模型识别趋势转折点;整合环境(PM2.5、工业污染)、经济(人均GDP、医疗资源)数据,利用空间杜宾模型解析区域异质性;通过Holt指数平滑模型预测2035年肺癌发病与死亡趋势。 结果 JPR模型显示1990—2021年中国肺癌年龄标化发病率年均增长0.94%(95%CI=0.87%~1.01%),年龄标化死亡率增长0.38%(95%CI=0.31%~0.45%);肺癌发病率呈现空间聚集性(P<0.05),京津冀、黑吉辽及四川省为高风险地区。空间杜宾模型显示,PM2.5暴露(β=1.15,95%CI=1.02~1.28)、工业废气排放量大(β=0.89,95%CI=0.75~1.03)是肺癌发病的危险因素(P<0.05),而人均GDP高(β=-0.62,95%CI=-0.78~-0.46)和三级医院密度高(β=-0.74,95%CI=-0.89~-0.59)是肺癌发病的保护因素(P<0.05)。预测到2035年,全国肺癌年龄标化发病率将达46.18/10万,年龄标化死亡率将达到38.26/10万,2022—2035年女性的肺癌发病和死亡趋势可能进一步上升,而男性的变化趋势较为平缓。 结论 中国肺癌疾病负担呈现"北高南低"的空间分异特征,环境暴露与医疗资源不均是关键驱动因素。建议针对高风险区域(北方工业区)及人群(女性患者)实施精准筛查,以降低健康不平等,助力国家癌症防控目标实现。

关键词: 肺癌, 发病趋势, 死亡趋势, 环境暴露, 高风险亚群, 精准防控

Abstract:

Background

Lung cancer is a major global public health issue. As one of the countries with a high lung cancer burden, China's trends in incidence and mortality are influenced by environmental, economic, and behavioral factors, with significant regional variations. Understanding the spatiotemporal drivers of lung cancer burden and proposing precise prevention and control strategies are crucial for achieving the "Healthy China 2030" goal.

Objective

To analyze and predict the incidence and mortality trend of lung cancer in China from 1990 to 2021, explore the spatial heterogeneity of regional environmental and economic factors on the epidemic trend of lung cancer, and put forward suggestions for precise prevention and control.

Methods

Based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data, the number of lung cancer cases and deaths, age-standardized incidence rate and age-standardized mortality rate of different genders and ages in China from 1990 to 2021 were extracted. The trend turning points were identified using the age-period-ecological model, the breakpoint regression (JPR) model, and the Holt exponential smoothing model. Environmental factors (PM2.5, industrial pollution) and economic factors (per capita GDP, medical resources) were integrated, and the spatial Durbin model was used to analyze regional heterogeneity. The Holt exponential smoothing model was employed to forecast the trend in 2035.

Results

The JPR model showed that from 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate of lung cancer in China increased by an average of 0.94% annually (95%CI=0.87%-1.01%), with the age-standardized mortality rate increasing by 0.38% (95%CI=0.31%-0.45%). The incidence of lung cancer showed significant spatial clustering (P<0.05). The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning and the Sichuan were high-risk areas. The spatial Durbin model indicated that exposure to PM2.5 (β=1.15, 95%CI=1.02-1.28) and large industrial waste gas emissions (β=0.89, 95%CI=0.75-1.03) were risk factors for lung cancer (P<0.05), while a high per capita GDP (β=-0.62, 95%CI=-0.78 to -0.46) and a high density of tertiary hospitals (β=-0.74, 95%CI=-0.89 to -0.59) were protective factors for lung cancer (P<0.05). It was predicted that by 2035, the age-standardized incidence rate of lung cancer across the country would reach 46.18 per 100 000, and the age-standardized mortality rate of lung cancer would reach 38.26 per 100 000. From 2022 to 2035, the incidence and mortality trends of lung cancer among women would further increase, while the trend among men would be relatively stable.

Conclusion

The burden of lung cancer in China shows a spatial differentiation feature of "high in the north and low in the south", and environmental exposure and uneven medical resources are the key driving factors. It is suggested to implement targeted screening for high-risk areas (industrial areas in the north) and population (female patients) to reduce health inequality and help achieve the national cancer prevention and control goals.

Key words: Lung cancer, Incidence trends, Mortality trends, Environmental exposure, High-risk subgroups, Targeted prevention and control