中国全科医学 ›› 2025, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (18): 2253-2261.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0640

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

1990—2021年全球先天性心脏缺陷疾病负担变化及未来趋势预测研究

张冰清1, 王忠凯1, 吴长勇1, 孙煌1, 李锐洁1, 刘文洁1, 骆怡哗1, 郑丽慧1, 彭云珠2,*()   

  1. 1.650000 云南省昆明市,昆明医科大学第一附属医院心脏内科
    2.650000 云南省昆明市,云南大学附属医院 云南省第二人民医院心血管病中心
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-10 修回日期:2025-02-28 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-04-25
  • 通讯作者: 彭云珠
  • 张冰清与王忠凯为共同第一作者


    作者贡献:

    张冰清、王忠凯和彭云珠负责研究设计、文章撰写和修改;吴长勇负责数据分析和图片绘制;孙煌和李锐洁负责数据校对和研究设计;刘文洁负责数据的校对;骆怡哗和郑丽慧负责数据的收集与整理;彭云珠负责论文的质量控制并进行最终修订,对论文负责;所有作者已确认论文终稿。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(82160439); 云南省高层次人才培养支持计划"名医专项"项目(RLMY20200001); 云南省卫生健康委员会医学领军人才培养计划项目(L-2019026); 云南省心脑血管疾病临床医学中心(ZX2019-03-01)

Changes and Trend Prediction in the Global Burden of Congenital Heart Defects, 1990-2021

ZHANG Bingqing1, WANG Zhongkai1, WU Changyong1, SUN Huang1, LI Ruijie1, LIU Wenjie1, LUO Yihua1, ZHENG Lihui1, PENG Yunzhu2,*()   

  1. 1. Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, China
    2. Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650000, China
  • Received:2025-01-10 Revised:2025-02-28 Published:2025-06-20 Online:2025-04-25
  • Contact: PENG Yunzhu
  • About author:

    ZHANG Bingqing and WANG Zhongkai are the co-first authors

摘要: 背景 先天性心脏缺陷是一种常见的先天性畸形,是发达国家和发展中国家5岁以下出生缺陷儿童死亡的主要原因。目前先天性心脏缺陷仍是全球健康的巨大挑战,同时存在明显的地区差异和健康不平等问题,疾病的生命周期管理尚有进步空间,因此需要全面评估先天性心脏缺陷疾病负担以制定针对性的防治策略。 目的 探究1990—2021年先天性心脏缺陷疾病负担变化,并预测至2050年的发展趋势,为制定相关政策和措施提供参考,并有望为实现2030年可持续发展目标提供借鉴。 方法 利用2021年全球疾病负担数据库(GBD 2021),统计和分析全球、21个区域和204个国家先天性心脏缺陷患病、死亡、伤残调整寿命年(DALYs)及伤残损失寿命年(YLDs)的数量和标化率,结合相关性分析、健康不平等分析及前沿分析法进一步综合描述先天性心脏缺陷的疾病负担及变化趋势,并采用贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列模型预测2022—2050年疾病负担情况。 结果 2021年全球先天性心脏缺陷标化患病、死亡、DALYs和YLDs率分别为210.70/10万、3.86/10万、345.24/10万和14.25/10万,1990—2021年其估计的平均年度变化百分比(AAPC)分别为0.02%、-2.53%、-2.48%和0.11%;1990—2021年,低社会人口学指数(SDI)地区的标化死亡、DALYs率最高,而高SDI地区的标化患病、YLDs率最高。SDI与先天性心脏缺陷的标化患病率(ρ=0.45,P<0.001)和标化YLDs率(ρ=0.71,P<0.001)呈正相关。相反,SDI与先天性心脏缺陷的标化死亡率、DALYs率呈负相关(ρ均为-0.54,P值均<0.001)。1990—2021年先天性心脏缺陷的绝对健康不平等有所下降,但相对健康不平等却有所增加;预测到2050年,全球先天性心脏缺陷标化患病、死亡、DALYs、YLDs率将分别达到218.24/10万、0.91/10万、118.48/10万、14.73/10万。 结论 1990—2021年,全球先天性心脏缺陷疾病负担呈下降趋势,并且地区的负担随着SDI的增加而下降。

关键词: 心血管疾病, 先天性心脏缺陷, 全球疾病负担, 趋势分析, 健康不平等分析, 预测模型

Abstract:

Background

Congenital heart defects are a common congenital malformation, which is the main cause of death in children under 5 years old with birth defects in developed and developing countries. At present, congenital heart defects are still a huge challenge to global health. At the same time, there are obvious regional differences and health inequalities. There is still room for improvement in the life cycle management of diseases. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of the burden of congenital heart defects is needed to develop targeted prevention and treatment strategies.

Objective

To explore the changes in the burden of congenital heart defects from 1990 to 2021 and predict the development trend by 2050, so as to provide reference for formulating relevant policies and measures, and is expected to provide reference for achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.

Methods

Using the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Database (GBD 2021), the number and standardized rate of prevalence, deaths, disability adjusted life years and years lived with disability of congenital heart defects in the world, 21 regions and 204 countries were counted and analyzed. Correlation analysis, health inequality analysis and frontier analysis were combined to further comprehensively describe the disease burden and change trend of congenital heart defects, and the Bayes age-period-cohort model was used to predict the annual disease burden from 2022 to 2050.

Results

The standardized rate of prevalence, deaths, DALYs and YLDs of congenital heart defects in 2021 were 210.70/100 000, 3.86/100 000, 345.24/100 000 and 14.25/100 000, respectively. The corresponding estimated average annual percentage change (AAPC) from 1990 to 2021 were 0.02%, -2.53%, -2.48% and 0.11%, respectively. From 1990 to 2021, the standardized rate of deaths and DALYs were the highest in the low socio-demographic index (SDI) region, while the standardized rate of prevalence and YLDs were the highest in the high SDI region. SDI was positively correlated with the standardized rate of prevalence (ρ=0.45, P<0.001) and YLDs (ρ=0.71, P<0.001) of congenital heart defects. On the contrary, SDI was negatively correlated with standardized rate of deaths and DALYs of congenital heart defects (ρ=-0.54, P<0.001). From 1990 to 2021, the absolute health inequality of congenital heart defects decreased, but the relative health inequality increased. It is predicted that by 2050, the global standardized rate of prevalence, deaths, DALYs and YLDs of congenital heart defects will reach 218.24/100 000, 0.91/100 000, 118.48/100 000 and 14.73/100 000 respectively.

Conclusion

From 1990 to 2021, the global burden of congenital heart defects showed a downward trend, and the regional burden decreased with the increase of SDI.

Key words: Cardiovascular diseases, Congenital heart defects, Global Burden of Disease, Trend analysis, Health inequalities analysis, Prediction model

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