颈动脉钙化特征在评估斑块稳定性及临床事件中的作用

doi:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0119

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 颈动脉粥样硬化是一种退行性疾病，是由内皮功能障碍引起的血流动力学改变，是引发脑卒中的重要原因，斑块稳定性的评估在预测未来临床事件中发挥重要作用。然而，在关于钙化特征对斑块稳定性影响的研究中仍存在争议。既往研究大多通过钙化的大小、数量、位置或形状等特征进行分类，并探讨其在评估斑块稳定性及临床事件中的作用。本文通过对既往文献的回顾，从钙化研究的不同分类方法入手，探究其与斑块稳定性的相关性，以及对临床事件的预测价值，同时提出了存在的问题及对未来研究方向的思考，旨在为该领域的研究提供参考。

关键词: 卒中, 动脉粥样硬化, 血管钙化, 综述

Abstract:

Carotid atherosclerosis is a degenerative disease that is a hemodynamic change caused by endothelial dysfunction and is an important cause of stroke, and the assessment of plaque stability plays an important role in predicting future clinical events. However, there is controversy in studies on the impact of calcification features on plaque stability. Previous studies have mostly categorized calcifications by their size, number, location, or shape, and explored their role in assessing plaque stability and clinical events. Based on a review of the previous literature, this article explores the correlation between calcification research and plaque stability and its value in predicting clinical events, and puts forward the existing problems and thoughts on future research directions, aiming to provide reference for research in this field.

Key words: Stroke, Atherosclerosis, Vascular calcification, Review

褚田雨,顾艳. 颈动脉钙化特征在评估斑块稳定性及临床事件中的作用[J]. 中国全科医学, 2025, 28(18): 2247-2252. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0119.
CHU Tianyu,GU Yan. Carotid Artery Calcification Features in Plaque Stability and Clinical Events[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2025, 28(18): 2247-2252. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0119.

图/表 1

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项目	与斑块易损更相关	与斑块稳定更相关
钙化的大小	微钙化、小钙化	大钙化
钙化的形状	斑点状钙化、颗粒状钙化、环形钙化	斑片状钙化
钙化的数量	多发钙化	单发钙化
钙化的含量	少	多
钙化的位置	浅表钙化	深部钙化
钙化的厚度	薄钙化（<2 mm）	厚钙化（≥2 mm）
钙化的成分	羟基磷灰石钙化	草酸钙钙化

项目	与斑块易损更相关	与斑块稳定更相关
钙化的大小	微钙化、小钙化	大钙化
钙化的形状	斑点状钙化、颗粒状钙化、环形钙化	斑片状钙化
钙化的数量	多发钙化	单发钙化
钙化的含量	少	多
钙化的位置	浅表钙化	深部钙化
钙化的厚度	薄钙化（<2 mm）	厚钙化（≥2 mm）
钙化的成分	羟基磷灰石钙化	草酸钙钙化