中国全科医学 ›› 2025, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (14): 1730-1736.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0522

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

寒地城市冠心病患者运动认知风险综合征发生现状及影响因素研究

柴依依1,2, 叶青芳1, 林平2, 李玲2,*()   

  1. 1.150000 黑龙江省哈尔滨市,哈尔滨医科大学护理学院
    2.150000 黑龙江省哈尔滨市,哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院心内科
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-10 修回日期:2024-12-29 出版日期:2025-05-15 发布日期:2025-03-06
  • 通讯作者: 李玲

  • 作者贡献:

    柴依依负责文章的研究设计、数据收集、数据统计分析、文章撰写;叶青芳负责文章理论指导与质量控制、论文修订;林平负责理论指导;李玲负责文章的研究设计、质量控制、论文修订、论文审校。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(72004045); 黑龙江省哲学社会科学研究规划项目(23GLC050)

Current Status and Influencing Factors of Motoric Cognitive Risk in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease in Frigid Zone

CHAI Yiyi1,2, YE Qingfang1, LIN Ping2, LI Ling2,*()   

  1. 1. School of Nursing, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China
    2. Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China
  • Received:2024-10-10 Revised:2024-12-29 Published:2025-05-15 Online:2025-03-06
  • Contact: LI Ling

摘要: 背景 运动认知风险综合征(MCR)是识别痴呆临床前阶段的新方法,属于认知障碍的最早期阶段。寒冷是冠心病和认知障碍共同的致病因素,因此,研究寒地冠心病住院患者合并MCR的关键特征及影响因素,可以为寒地冠心病合并MCR的防控及制订针对性的干预措施提供科学依据。 目的 明确寒地冠心病患者MCR的发生情况,并分析其关键的影响因素。 方法 本研究是一项横断面调查,采用便利抽样法,选取2023年9—12月在哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院心内科住院并确诊为冠心病的患者。采用自制的问卷调查表调查患者社会人口学资料和生活方式,并进行握力测量,查阅标准化电子病历获得临床资料,采用心理学量表测量患者相关心理指标;采用主观主诉、步速缓慢、无行动不便、无痴呆诊断MCR。采用二分类Logistic回归分析探讨寒地冠心病患者发生MCR的影响因素。 结果 本研究共纳入413例患者,MCR发生率为13.80%(57/413)。二分类Logistic回归分析结果显示,多重用药(OR=2.142,95%CI=1.151~3.987)、心脏代谢多发病(OR=3.730,95%CI=1.059~13.143)、淡漠(OR=2.305,95%CI=1.239~4.287)、经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术(PCI)(OR=2.861,95%CI=1.461~5.602)、中性粒细胞计数(OR=2.803,95%CI=1.302~6.034)和握力[Q2(17.7~26.2 kg):OR=0.362,95%CI=0.160~0.814;Q3(26.4~34.4 kg):OR=0.349,95%CI=0.156~0.831;Q4(34.5~70.6 kg):OR=0.259,95%CI=0.105~0.639]是冠心病患者发生MCR的影响因素(P<0.05)。 结论 寒地冠心病患者MCR发生率高于社区人群,为13.80%。与MCR相关的危险因素提示医护人员应对行PCI治疗、存在淡漠、合并糖尿病及脑卒中史的患者进行MCR早期筛查和追踪,并进行长期规范的药物管理。深入探索MCR与冠心病的相关机制,密切关注以中性粒细胞升高为表现的炎症通路,以及肌肉与神经调节机制,有望为此领域的深入研究打开全新的思路。

关键词: 运动认知风险综合征, 冠心病, 横断面调查, 影响因素分析, 寒地城市

Abstract:

Background

The motoric cognitive risk (MCR) is a new method for identifying the preclinical stage of dementia and represents the earliest stage of cognitive impairment. Cold is a common pathogenic factor for both coronary artery disease and cognitive impairment. Studying the key characteristics and influencing factors of MCR in hospitalized patients with coronary artery disease in the frigid zone can provide a scientific basis for preventing and controlling coronary artery disease combined with MCR in the frigid zone and formulating targeted intervention measures.

Objective

To clarify the occurrence of MCR in the population with coronary artery disease in the frigid zone and analyze its key influencing factors.

Methods

This study was a cross-sectional survey. Convenience sampling was used to select patients hospitalized in the Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University and diagnosed with coronary artery disease from September to December 2023. A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate sociodemographic data and lifestyle, and handgrip strength was measured. Standardized electronic medical records were reviewed to obtain clinical data, and psychological scales were used to measure relevant psychological indicators of patients. MCR was identified based on subjective cognitive complaints, slow gait, no mobility impairment, and no diagnosis of dementia. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of MCR in patients with coronary artery disease in the frigid zone.

Results

A total of 413 patients were included in this study, and the incidence of MCR was 13.80% (57/413) . Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that polypharmacy (OR=2.142, 95%CI=1.151-3.987) , cardiometabolic co-morbidities (OR=3.730, 95%CI=1.059-13.143) , apathy (OR=2.305, 95%CI=1.239-4.287) , PCI (OR=2.861, 95%CI=1.461-5.602) , neutrophil count (OR=2.803, 95%CI=1.302-6.034) , and handgrip strength[Q2 (17.7-26.2 kg) : OR=0.362, 95%CI=0.160-0.814; Q3 (26.4-34.4 kg) : OR=0.349, 95%CI=0.156-0.831; Q4 (34.5-70.6 kg) : OR=0.259, 95%CI=0.105-0.639] were the influencing factors of MCR in patients with coronary artery disease (P<0.05) .

Conclusion

The incidence of MCR in patients with coronary artery disease in the frigid zone is higher than that in the community population, at 13.80%. The risk factors associated with MCR suggest that medical staff should conduct early screening and follow-up for patients who have undergone PCI treatment, have apathy, have diabetes, and have a history of stroke, and provide long-term standardized drug management. Further exploration of the correlation mechanism between MCR and coronary artery disease, with a focus on the inflammatory pathway characterized by elevated neutrophil counts and the muscle and neural regulatory mechanisms, is expected to open up new avenues for in-depth research in this field.

Key words: Motoric cognitive risk, Coronary artery disease, Cross-sectional studies, Root cause analysis, Frigid zone

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