微小RNA在溃疡性结肠炎中的作用及中药干预研究进展

doi:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0458

中国全科医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (23): 3371-3378.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0458

微小RNA在溃疡性结肠炎中的作用及中药干预研究进展

吴尔媚¹, 孙大娟¹^,^*(), 邓华亮²^,^*()

1．250014　山东省济南市，山东中医药大学第一临床医学院
2．250014　山东省济南市，山东中医药大学附属医院消化内二科

收稿日期:2024-08-12 修回日期:2024-11-03 出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-07-03
通讯作者: 孙大娟, 邓华亮
作者贡献：
吴尔媚负责文章的构思与设计、文献检索、研究资料的收集与整理、表格的编辑与整理、论文撰写；孙大娟、邓华亮负责论文修订、文章的质量控制与审校、对文章整体负责、监督管理。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82205057)

A Review of Role of miRNA in Ulcerative Colitis and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention

WU Ermei¹, SUN Dajuan¹^,^*(), DENG Hualiang²^,^*()

1. The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
2. Second Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China

Received:2024-08-12 Revised:2024-11-03 Published:2026-08-15 Online:2026-07-03
Contact: SUN Dajuan, DENG Hualiang

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 溃疡性结肠炎（UC）是一种慢性非特异性炎症性肠病，具有病程长、反复发作、难治愈、易癌变等特点。迄今为止，其发病机制尚不明确。微小RNA（miRNA）是一组非编码RNA，是公认的基因表达的重要调控因子。研究表明miRNA在UC中具有表达差异，靶向miRNA参与的转录后基因表达调控，在UC中主要调控肠上皮屏障功能、免疫稳态和炎症平衡。因此，基于miRNA的药物有望成为治疗UC的潜在创新药物。在防治UC方面，中医药应用广泛、疗效显著，显示出多靶点、多通路的独特优势，但目前尚缺少中医药调控miRNA防治UC的系统总结。本文通过归纳miRNA在UC中的作用机制和调控miRNA差异表达防治UC的中药复方及有效成分，发现中医药通过调节miRNA介导的肠上皮屏障受损、细胞凋亡、炎症、免疫细胞异常分化等多种病理生理过程改善了UC。该综述为未来针对调控miRNA防治UC的研究提供理论参考和研究指引。

关键词: 溃疡性结肠炎, 微小RNA, 中医药, 作用机制, 综述

Abstract:

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease with a long course, easy recurrence, difficult treatment, and a risk of cancer crisis. So far, its pathogenesis remains unclear. MicroRNA (miRNA), a class of non-coding RNA, has been recognized as important regulators of gene expression. Studies have shown that miRNA exhibits differential expression in UC and targets miRNA to participate in post-transcriptional gene expression regulation in UC, mainly regulating intestinal epithelial barrier function, immune homeostasis and inflammatory balance in UC. Therefore, miRNA-based drugs are expected to be potential innovative drugs for UC. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) boasts a broad spectrum of applications for the prevention and treatment of UC, offering significant efficacy and unique advantages such as multi-targeting and multi-pathway effects. However, there is still a lack of review on regulating miRNA by TCM to prevent UC. This article reviewed the mechanisms of miRNA in UC and the research findings on TCM compounds and active components' intervention in miRNA regulation for UC treatment. It was found that TCM could modulate the differential expression of miRNA thereby participating in the regulation of various pathological and physiological processes such as intestinal epithelial barrier damage, apoptosis, inflammation, and abnormal differentiation of immune cells. This modulation contributed to alleviate UC. This review is expected to provide theoretical reference and research guidance for future studies on regulating miRNA therapy for UC.

Key words: Ulcerative colitis, MicroRNA, Traditional Chinese medicine, Mechanism, Review

中图分类号:

R 574.62

吴尔媚,孙大娟,邓华亮. 微小RNA在溃疡性结肠炎中的作用及中药干预研究进展[J]. 中国全科医学, 2026, 29(23): 3371-3378. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0458.
WU Ermei,SUN Dajuan,DENG Hualiang. A Review of Role of miRNA in Ulcerative Colitis and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(23): 3371-3378. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0458.

图/表 2

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类别	中药活性成分	来源	miRNA	靶点及通路	影响	参考文献
生物碱类	小檗碱	黄连、黄柏等	miR-34a-5p↑	IL-6/STAT3↓	减少炎性因子释放	[61]
			miR-31-5p↓	STAT3↓、STAT5↑	恢复Th17/Treg细胞平衡	[62]
			miR-103a-3p↑	BRD4/Wnt/β-catenin↓	上调Occludin表达	[63]
	氯化两面针碱	两面针等	miR-31↓	NF-κB↓	减少炎性因子释放	[70]
	苦参碱	苦参	miR-155↓	Rho/Rock↓	提高TJ蛋白表达能力	[71]
皂苷类	薯蓣皂苷	穿山龙、山药等	miR-125a-5p↑		调节巨噬细胞活化	[65]
	人参皂苷	人参	miR-214↓	STAT3/miR-214↓	减少炎性因子释放	[72]
	环黄芪醇	黄芪	miR-143↑	SphK/MIP-1α↓、NF-κB↓	抑制细胞凋亡，减轻炎症水平	[73]
黄酮类	柚皮素	陈皮、枳实等	miR-22↑	NLRP3炎症小体↓	提高TJ蛋白表达能力	[67]
	淫羊藿苷	淫羊藿	miR-122↓	Occludin↑	降低结肠通透性	[74]
	山姜素	姜黄、豆蔻等	miR-302↑	DNMT-1↓	调控Th17/Treg细胞平衡	[75]
多酚类	白藜芦醇	虎杖、桑树等	miR-31↓	Foxp3↑	调控Th17/Treg细胞平衡	[68]
			miR-31↓	Wnt↓	减少炎性因子释放	[69]
			miR-34a↓	ANRIL↑、miR-34a↓	促进MUC2合成	[56]
	姜黄素	姜黄	miR-425↓		调控Th17/Treg细胞平衡	[76]

类别	中药活性成分	来源	miRNA	靶点及通路	影响	参考文献
生物碱类	小檗碱	黄连、黄柏等	miR-34a-5p↑	IL-6/STAT3↓	减少炎性因子释放	[61]
			miR-31-5p↓	STAT3↓、STAT5↑	恢复Th17/Treg细胞平衡	[62]
			miR-103a-3p↑	BRD4/Wnt/β-catenin↓	上调Occludin表达	[63]
	氯化两面针碱	两面针等	miR-31↓	NF-κB↓	减少炎性因子释放	[70]
	苦参碱	苦参	miR-155↓	Rho/Rock↓	提高TJ蛋白表达能力	[71]
皂苷类	薯蓣皂苷	穿山龙、山药等	miR-125a-5p↑		调节巨噬细胞活化	[65]
	人参皂苷	人参	miR-214↓	STAT3/miR-214↓	减少炎性因子释放	[72]
	环黄芪醇	黄芪	miR-143↑	SphK/MIP-1α↓、NF-κB↓	抑制细胞凋亡，减轻炎症水平	[73]
黄酮类	柚皮素	陈皮、枳实等	miR-22↑	NLRP3炎症小体↓	提高TJ蛋白表达能力	[67]
	淫羊藿苷	淫羊藿	miR-122↓	Occludin↑	降低结肠通透性	[74]
	山姜素	姜黄、豆蔻等	miR-302↑	DNMT-1↓	调控Th17/Treg细胞平衡	[75]
多酚类	白藜芦醇	虎杖、桑树等	miR-31↓	Foxp3↑	调控Th17/Treg细胞平衡	[68]
			miR-31↓	Wnt↓	减少炎性因子释放	[69]
			miR-34a↓	ANRIL↑、miR-34a↓	促进MUC2合成	[56]
	姜黄素	姜黄	miR-425↓		调控Th17/Treg细胞平衡	[76]

类别	中药复方	组成	miRNA	靶点及通路	作用及潜在机制	参考文献
清热燥湿剂	黄芩汤	黄芩、芍药、甘草、大枣	miR-185-3p↑	MLCK/p-MLC↓	增加Occludin蛋白表达，维持上皮屏障完整性	[77]
	清肠化瘀方	白头翁、黄连、秦皮、蒲公英、连翘、苦参、白及、马齿苋、败酱草、槐花、天花粉、地榆、丹参、当归、黄芪、木香、三七	miR-22↓		抑制Th17细胞炎性分化	[82]
	清肠温中方	黄连、炮姜、青黛、苦参、三七、木香、地榆炭、炙甘草	miR-675-5p↓	VDR↑	提高TJ蛋白表达能力	[83]
	泄浊解毒方	鱼腥草、车前子、黄芩、黄连、败酱草、大血藤、葛根、薏苡仁、木香、清半夏	miR-155-5p↓	JAK2/STAT3↓/SOCS1↑	抑制CD₄⁺T细胞向Th17细胞表达	[84]
	复方苦参汤	苦参、地榆炭、白及、甘草、三七、青黛	miR-146a↑	Notch↓	增强TJ、抗凋亡促增殖、降低结肠通透性、促进杯状细胞分化及黏液分泌	[16]
	复方苦参汤	苦参、地榆炭、白及、甘草、三七、青黛	miR-155↓	Jarid2/Wnt/β-catenin↑	调控Th17和Treg细胞及其相关炎症因子的表达	[85]
健脾益气剂	参苓白术散	人参、白茯苓、炒白术、炒扁豆、山药、甘草、莲子、炒薏苡仁、砂仁、桔梗、大枣	miR-130a↓	PPARγ↑	增加Occludin蛋白表达	[79]
健脾益气剂	九味白术散	葛根、红藤、党参、白术、茯苓、藿香、白及、木香、甘草	miR-155↓	SOCS-1↑、STAT3↓	减轻炎症、抑制免疫过度应答	[86]
健脾温肾剂	四神丸	补骨脂、吴茱萸、肉豆蔻、五味子、生姜、大枣	miR-505-3p↓	E-cadherin ↓	减少Th17细胞应答，避免炎症级联放大	[80]
健脾温肾剂	安肠汤	补骨脂、黄芪、潞党参、干姜、炒白术、白头翁、茯苓、槟榔、黑顺片、炒鸡内金、薏苡仁、广木香、地榆、赤芍、延胡索、炙甘草	miR-146a↓	IRAK1/NF-κB↓	调控炎症平衡	[87]

类别	中药复方	组成	miRNA	靶点及通路	作用及潜在机制	参考文献
清热燥湿剂	黄芩汤	黄芩、芍药、甘草、大枣	miR-185-3p↑	MLCK/p-MLC↓	增加Occludin蛋白表达，维持上皮屏障完整性	[77]
	清肠化瘀方	白头翁、黄连、秦皮、蒲公英、连翘、苦参、白及、马齿苋、败酱草、槐花、天花粉、地榆、丹参、当归、黄芪、木香、三七	miR-22↓		抑制Th17细胞炎性分化	[82]
	清肠温中方	黄连、炮姜、青黛、苦参、三七、木香、地榆炭、炙甘草	miR-675-5p↓	VDR↑	提高TJ蛋白表达能力	[83]
	泄浊解毒方	鱼腥草、车前子、黄芩、黄连、败酱草、大血藤、葛根、薏苡仁、木香、清半夏	miR-155-5p↓	JAK2/STAT3↓/SOCS1↑	抑制CD₄⁺T细胞向Th17细胞表达	[84]
	复方苦参汤	苦参、地榆炭、白及、甘草、三七、青黛	miR-146a↑	Notch↓	增强TJ、抗凋亡促增殖、降低结肠通透性、促进杯状细胞分化及黏液分泌	[16]
	复方苦参汤	苦参、地榆炭、白及、甘草、三七、青黛	miR-155↓	Jarid2/Wnt/β-catenin↑	调控Th17和Treg细胞及其相关炎症因子的表达	[85]
健脾益气剂	参苓白术散	人参、白茯苓、炒白术、炒扁豆、山药、甘草、莲子、炒薏苡仁、砂仁、桔梗、大枣	miR-130a↓	PPARγ↑	增加Occludin蛋白表达	[79]
健脾益气剂	九味白术散	葛根、红藤、党参、白术、茯苓、藿香、白及、木香、甘草	miR-155↓	SOCS-1↑、STAT3↓	减轻炎症、抑制免疫过度应答	[86]
健脾温肾剂	四神丸	补骨脂、吴茱萸、肉豆蔻、五味子、生姜、大枣	miR-505-3p↓	E-cadherin ↓	减少Th17细胞应答，避免炎症级联放大	[80]
健脾温肾剂	安肠汤	补骨脂、黄芪、潞党参、干姜、炒白术、白头翁、茯苓、槟榔、黑顺片、炒鸡内金、薏苡仁、广木香、地榆、赤芍、延胡索、炙甘草	miR-146a↓	IRAK1/NF-κB↓	调控炎症平衡	[87]

微小RNA在溃疡性结肠炎中的作用及中药干预研究进展

A Review of Role of miRNA in Ulcerative Colitis and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention

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