中国全科医学 ›› 2025, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (27): 3368-3374.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0433

所属专题: 儿科最新文章合辑

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

贵州省6~36月龄儿童铁缺乏现状及缺铁性贫血影响因素研究

邵晓颖1,2, 邵洁3, 朱焱1,*(), 邵金玲4, 尚灵5, 吴振莲6, 赵钰7, 张加才1   

  1. 1.561113 贵州省贵阳市,贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院 环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室
    2.550003 贵州省贵阳市妇幼保健院儿童保健科
    3.310005 浙江省杭州市,浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院儿童保健科
    4.561009 贵州省安顺市妇幼保健院
    5.551899 贵州省毕节市金沙县妇幼保健院
    6.555199 贵州省铜仁市石阡县妇幼保健院
    7.557399 贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州黎平县妇幼保健院
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-25 修回日期:2024-12-02 出版日期:2025-09-20 发布日期:2025-07-22
  • 通讯作者: 朱焱

  • 作者贡献:

    邵晓颖负责研究设计与实施,资料总结与文章撰写;邵洁负责参与研究设计,研究实施;朱焱负责研究设计、论文审校及质量控制并对文章负责;邵金玲、尚灵、吴振莲、赵钰负责研究实施、资料整理及质量控制;张加才负责研究的质量控制及统计分析。

  • 基金资助:
    国家中心自主设计项目-重点项目(全国多中心临床研究项目)(G20A0011); 中华国际医学交流基金会项目(Z-2017-27-2102)

Analysis of the Current Status of Iron Deficiency and Factors Affecting Iron Deficiency Anemia among Children Aged 6-36 Months in Guizhou Province

SHAO Xiaoying1,2, SHAO Jie3, ZHU Yan1,*(), SHAO Jinling4, SHANG Ling5, WU Zhenlian6, ZHAO Yu7, ZHANG Jiacai1   

  1. 1. School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
    2. Department of Child Health, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang 550003, China
    3. Department of Child Health, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310005, China
    4. Anshun Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Anshun 561009, China
    5. Jinsha County Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Bijie 551899, China
    6. Shiqian County Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Tongren 555199, China
    7. Liping County Maternal and Child Health Center, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture 557399, China
  • Received:2024-09-25 Revised:2024-12-02 Published:2025-09-20 Online:2025-07-22
  • Contact: ZHU Yan

摘要: 背景 目前,儿童铁缺乏症(ID)及缺铁性贫血(IDA)患病率虽在全国范围内得到进一步的控制,但西部地区及城乡之间仍存在较大差距,贵州省作为一个多民族、经济水平相对落后的西南省份,饮食结构也较为不同,因此,探讨其儿童铁缺乏现状及IDA影响因素对于居民形成正确膳食习惯和生活方式并防控该类疾病具有重要意义。 目的 了解贵州省6~36月龄儿童铁缺乏现状,并分析6~36月龄儿童IDA的影响因素,为预防ID及IDA提供参考依据。 方法 本研究采用多阶段分层随机抽样法,于2022年6—10月在贵州省抽取902名6~36月龄儿童为研究对象,收集其人口统计特征、实验室检查指标、膳食频率等信息。膳食模式分析采用主成分分析,采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨儿童IDA的影响因素。 结果 贵州省902例儿童中ID、IDA分别为134、43例,患病率分别为14.86%、4.77%。贵州省各地区儿童ID、IDA患病率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同城乡、家庭年收入、母亲文化程度、父亲文化程度、分娩方式、出生时间、出生体质量、子女个数、妊娠期贫血、近2周患腹泻或发烧儿童IDA患病率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。主成分分析结果显示,2种膳食模式(传统型和动物蛋白型)较为有意义,2种膳食模式的方差贡献率为61.427%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,农村(OR=5.235,95%CI=2.045~13.402)、剖宫产(OR=3.815,95%CI=1.895~7.680)、早产(OR=4.471,95%CI=1.709~11.696)、子女个数3个及以上(OR=5.493,95%CI=2.236~13.494)是儿童IDA的危险因素(P<0.05),动物蛋白型膳食模式(OR=0.624,95%CI=0.426~0.916)是儿童IDA的保护因素(P<0.05)。 结论 贵州省6~36月龄儿童IDA患病率城乡差距仍然明显,农村、早产、剖宫产、子女个数3个及以上是儿童IDA的危险因素,动物蛋白型膳食模式是儿童IDA的保护因素。建议在农村地区着重普及看护人对于儿童ID的正确认识,强调动物性食物、奶类、鱼虾等食物的重要性,有针对性地指导其合理喂养。

关键词: 铁缺乏症, 贫血,缺铁性, 儿童, 膳食模式, 危险因素

Abstract:

Background

At present, although the prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in children has been further controlled nationwide, there is still a large gap between western regions and urban and rural areas, and Guizhou Province, as a multi-ethnic and relatively backward southwestern province, has a different dietary structure, so exploring the current situation of iron deficiency and the factors affecting IDA in children is of great significance to the formation of correct dietary habits and lifestyles of the residents and the prevention and control of this disease.

Objective

To investigate the current status of iron deficiency in children aged 6-36 months in Guizhou Province, and to analyze the influencing factors of IDA in children aged 6-36 months, in order to provide a reference basis for the prevention of ID and IDA.

Methods

In this study, 902 children aged 6-36 months were selected by multi-stage stratified random sampling in Guizhou Province from June to October 2022, and their demographic characteristics, laboratory examination indicators, and dietary frequency were collected. Dietary patterns were analyzed using principal component analysis, and multifactorial Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of IDA in children.

Results

Among 902 children in Guizhou Province, there were 134 cases of ID and 43 cases of IDA, with prevalence rates of 14.86% and 4.77%, respectively. Comparison of the prevalence of ID and IDA among children in various regions of Guizhou Province showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Comparison of the prevalence of IDA among children in different urban and rural areas, annual family income, mother's literacy, father's literacy, mode of delivery, birth time, birth mass, number of children, anemia during pregnancy, and children suffering from diarrhea or fever in the last two weeks showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The results of principal component analysis showed that the 2 dietary patterns (traditional and animal protein) were more meaningful, and the variance contribution rate of the 2 dietary patterns was 61.427%. The results of multifactorial Logistic regression analysis showed that rural (OR=5.235, 95%CI=2.045-13.402), cesarean section (OR=3.815, 95%CI=1.895-7.680), preterm (OR=4.471, 95%CI=1.709-11.696), and the number of children of 3 or more (OR=5.493, 95%CI=2.236-13.494) were risk factors for IDA in children (P<0.05), and animal protein-based dietary pattern (OR=0.624, 95%CI=0.426-0.916) was a protective factor for IDA in children (P<0.05) .

Conclusion

The urban-rural gap in the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia among children 6 to 36 months of age in Guizhou is still obvious; rural areas, preterm births, cesarean sections, and the number of children three or more are the risk factors for IDA in children, and animal-protein-based dietary patterns are the protective factors for IDA in children. It is recommended to focus on popularizing caregivers' correct understanding of childhood ID in rural areas, emphasizing the importance of foods such as animal foods, milk, fish and shrimp, and providing targeted guidance on rational feeding.

Key words: Iron deficiencies, Anemia, iron-deficiency, Child, Dietary patterns, Risk factors

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