中国全科医学 ›› 2023, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (04): 426-433.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0632

• 论著·人群健康研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

社区居民健康科普需求及其影响因素研究

黄梦洁1, 曾雷霄2, 葛蒲3, 闵鹤葳4, 黄新城5, 王雨佳6, 吴一波4,7,*()   

  1. 1.250012 山东省济南市,山东大学公共卫生学院
    2.100086 北京市,中国人民大学新闻学院
    3.999078 澳门特别行政区,澳门大学健康科学学院公共卫生与医药管理系
    4.100191 北京市,北京大学公共卫生学院
    5.102600 北京市,北京印刷学院经济管理学院
    6.150081 黑龙江省哈尔滨市,哈尔滨医科大学人文社会科学学院
    7.712046 陕西省西安市,陕西(高校)哲学社会科学重点研究基地-健康文化研究中心
  • 收稿日期:2022-08-29 修回日期:2022-10-23 出版日期:2023-02-05 发布日期:2022-11-10
  • 通讯作者: 吴一波
  • 黄梦洁,曾雷霄,葛蒲,等.社区居民健康科普需求及其影响因素研究[J].中国全科医学,2023,26(4):426-433.[www.chinagp.net]
    作者贡献:黄梦洁、吴一波负责文章的构思与设计及调查的实施;黄梦洁负责数据的收集与整理、统计学处理、结果分析与解释及论文的撰写;曾雷霄负责讨论中政策建议的撰写及文章的语言润色;葛蒲、闵鹤葳、王雨佳提供部分数据分析思路,并负责论文的修订;黄新城负责文章的语言润色及英文修订;吴一波对文章整体负责,监督管理。
  • 基金资助:
    2021年陕西省教育厅科研计划项目——哲学社会科学重点研究基地项目(21JZ017)

Perceived Needs of Health Education and Associated Factors among Community-dwelling Residents

HUANG Mengjie1, ZENG Leixiao2, GE Pu3, MIN Hewei4, HUANG Xincheng5, WANG Yujia6, WU Yibo4,7,*()   

  1. 1. School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
    2. School of Journalism and Communication, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100086, China
    3. Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, University of Macaw, Macao 999078, China
    4. School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
    5. School of Economics and Management, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China
    6. College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
    7. Key Research Base of Philosophy and Social Sciences in Shaanxi Province, Health Culture Research Center of Shaanxi, Xi'an 712046, China
  • Received:2022-08-29 Revised:2022-10-23 Published:2023-02-05 Online:2022-11-10
  • Contact: WU Yibo
  • About author:
    HUANG M J, ZENG L X, GE P, et al. Perceived needs of health education and associated factors among community-dwelling residents[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26 (4) : 426-433.

摘要: 背景 健康教育与健康促进被列为改善人群健康状况的首选策略。对社区居民进行健康科普,提高居民健康素养是健康促进中不可或缺的一步。然而目前针对社区居民健康科普内容、渠道、形式需求的研究较少。 目的 调查社区居民健康科普需求现状并探索相关影响因素,为满足社区居民健康科普需求、提高社区居民健康素养提供科学依据。 方法 2020-01-19至2020-03-12,全国范围内选取10个城市,采用多阶段抽样法抽取>12岁的中国居民2 846例进行问卷调查。问卷共包含两个部分:第一部分为人口社会学特征;第二部分为社区健康科普需求,包含内容、形式、渠道需求共3个维度。社区健康科普需求部分采用Likert 5级评分法,维度内所有条目得分相加为该维度总得分。本研究进一步依据3个维度平均总得分将社区居民对健康科普的内容、渠道、形式的需求情况分为"高""中""低"3个等级,然后采用单因素有序Logistic回归和多因素有序Logistic回归模型探索社区健康科普需求等级的影响因素。 结果 共计回收有效问卷2 679份(94.13%)。社区居民健康科普内容、渠道、形式维度需求得分分别为(21.49±5.91)、(15.11±5.48)、(13.61±4.41)分。社区居民健康科普内容比较/非常需要排名前3位者分别为食品安全〔2 081例(77.68%)〕、疾病防治〔2 021例(75.44%)〕、合理用药〔1 963例(73.28%)〕;社区居民健康科普渠道比较/非常需要排名前2位者分别为利用数字媒体建设社区科普专栏〔1 519例(56.70%)〕、互动型科普〔1 518例(56.66%)〕;社区居民健康科普形式需求整体比较均衡,其中对于视频形式的社区健康科普选择比较/非常需要人数占比最高〔1 739例(64.91%)〕,对于文字形式的社区健康科普选择比较/非常需要人数占比最少〔1 362例(50.84%)〕。多因素有序Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、目前从事的职业是社区居民健康科普内容需求的影响因素(P<0.05),性别、最高学历、目前从事的职业、目前居住所在地是社区居民健康科普渠道需求的影响因素(P<0.05),年龄、最高学历、目前从事的职业、目前居住所在地是社区居民健康科普形式需求的影响因素(P<0.05)。 结论 社区居民对于健康科普内容、渠道、形式的需求较高,呈现多元化的态势,在内容上尤其关注食品安全和疾病防治,在形式上偏好互动和视频的传播方式。

关键词: 健康素养, 健康科普, 健康教育, 公众健康, 影响因素分析

Abstract:

Background

Health education and health promotion are at the top of the list of population health promotion strategies. It is essential to provide community-dwelling residents with health education to improve their health literacy. However, few studies focus on the needs of health education (including the contents, acquisition methods and forms) in community-dwelling residents.

Objective

To investigate the perceived needs of health education and associated factors in community-dwelling residents, providing a scientific basis for meeting their health education needs and improving their health literacy level.

Methods

From January 19 to March 12, 2020, 2 846 residents aged >12 years were selected from 10 cities of China using multistage sampling to attend a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire used contains two parts: the first part is socio-demographic characteristics. And the second part is the perceived health education needs of community-dwelling residents, with 5-point Likert scale items belonging to three dimensions (contents, forms, and acquisition methods) . The total score for each dimension was obtained by summing the score of items in the dimension. Residents' needs of the contents, forms or acquisition methods were graded as "low", "moderate", or "high" by the average total score of each dimension. Univariate and multivariate ordinal Logistic regression were used to explore the associated factors of level of health education needs in community-dwelling residents.

Results

Altogether, 2 679 cases (94.13%) who handed in responsive questionnaires were finally included. The average total score for dimensions of contents, acquisition methods and forms were (21.49±5.91) , (15.11±5.48) and (13.61±4.41) , respectively. Among the content items of health education, the top three relatively strongly needed/strongly needed were food safety〔2 081 (77.68%) 〕, disease prevention and control〔2 020 (75.44%) 〕, and rational medication〔1 963 (73.28%) 〕. Among the acquisition methods of health education, the top two relatively strongly needed/strongly needed were health education columns in the community built using digital media technologies〔1 519 (56.70%) 〕 and interactive health education〔1 518 (56.66%) 〕. In terms of the health education form, the proportions of residents who needed various forms of health education were similar. Specifically, the proportion of residents who relatively strongly needed/strongly needed video-based health education was the highest〔64.91% (1 739/2 679) 〕, while that of residents who relatively strongly needed/strongly needed written health educational materials was the lowest〔50.84% (1 362/2 679) 〕. Multivariate ordinal Logistic regression analysis showed that age and current occupation were associated with residents' needs of the content of health education (P<0.05) . Moreover, gender, the highest educational attainment, current occupation, and current place of residence were associated with residents' needs of methods for acquiring health education (P<0.05) . And age, the highest educational attainment, current occupation, and current place of residence were associated with residents' needs of the form of health education (P<0.05) .

Conclusion

Community-dwelling residents showed high demand for the contents, acquisition methods, and forms of health education, which presented a diversified trend. They paid special attention to the content about food safety and disease prevention and treatment, and preferred interactive and video-based health education in terms of form.

Key words: Health literacy, Health science popularization, Health education, Public health, Root cause analysis