关键词: 政府政策, 全面二孩政策, 育龄妇女, 生育意愿, 影响因素分析

Abstract: Objective　To explore the status and associated factors for second-birth intentions among women of childbearing age in Chongqing during the implementation of the universal two-child policy in China.Methods　We implemented this study by using questionnaire，in-depth expert interviews.The questionnaire survey was conducted in a random sample of 2 000 women of childbearing age from 5 districts/counties（300-500 from each district/county） extracted from the 5 major functional areas of Chongqing（one from each major functional area） by stratified random sampling，and the in-depth expert interviews were carried out among 14 relevant health workers randomly selected from Chongqing Health and Family Planning Commission and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University.Results　1 954 questionnaires were returned，and 1 837 of them were responsive，achieving a response rate of 94.0%.The women thought that the average ideal number of children was 1.74，and 936（50.9%） of them wanted to have a second child.The second-birth intentions differed significantly by age，educational attainment，household monthly income per person，number of years of marriage，type of family that the couple born in，and number of children ever born（P<0.05）．498（27.1%） wanted to have a second child out of their own will.Interviews showed that second-birth intentions were influenced the most by economic constraints.495（46.3%） of 1 068（58.1%） with a child wanted to have a second child.Wanting to have a second child was owing to one's own will and the thought of having a second child can promote the growth of both children，while no intention to have a second child was due to great economic burden and lack of time and energy to care a second child.The number of ideal children of women of childbearing age at different age and family per capita monthly income was statistically significant（P<0.000 1）．Conclusion　With the implementation of the two-child policy，the proportion of women of childbearing age with the intention of having a second child in Chongqing has increased to a certain extent，but is lower than the national level.Moreover，second-birth intentions are found to be boosted insignificantly by the implementation of this policy，while they were affected significantly by economic constraints.

Key words: Public policy, Universal two-child policy, Women at child-bearing age, Fertility intention, Root cause analysis