妊娠期增重及能量管理：构成、关系探究与展望

doi:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0324

中国全科医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (29): 4295-4302.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0324

妊娠期增重及能量管理：构成、关系探究与展望

舒心宇¹, 姚弥², 隽娟¹, 李承龙³, 康昕¹, 杨慧霞¹^,^*()

1．100034　北京市，北京大学第一医院妇产生殖医学中心
2．100034　北京市，北京大学第一医院全科医学科
3．100091　北京市，北京大学健康医疗大数据国家研究院

收稿日期:2025-06-10 修回日期:2025-11-01 出版日期:2026-10-15 发布日期:2026-09-02
通讯作者: 杨慧霞
舒心宇和姚弥为共同第一作者

作者贡献：
舒心宇、姚弥负责提出研究思路，设计撰写方案；舒心宇负责整理文献及论文起草；隽娟、李承龙及康昕负责对文章中文献数据进行检查分析；隽娟负责论文修改；杨慧霞负责最终版本修订，对论文负责。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(82470863)

Gestational Weight Gain and Energy Management: Composition, Relationship Exploration and Future Perspectives

SHU Xinyu¹, YAO Mi², JUAN Juan¹, LI Chenglong³, KANG Xin¹, YANG Huixia¹^,^*()

1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
2. Department of General Practice, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
3. National Institute of Health Data Science, Peking University, Beijing 100091, China

Received:2025-06-10 Revised:2025-11-01 Published:2026-10-15 Online:2026-09-02
Contact: YANG Huixia
About author:
SHU Xinyu and YAO Mi are co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 妊娠期体质量增长是衡量孕妇营养情况及评估胎儿生长发育的关键指标，孕妇维持适宜增重是获得良好妊娠结局及远期预后的基础。本文通过浅析妊娠期增重构成，概述不同人群孕妇增重方案，梳理妊娠期增重与能量摄入的关系，进而思考、探索未来本领域临床管理及科学研究的发展方向。

关键词: 孕期体重增长, 能量摄取, 妊娠期高血糖, 身体成分, 体脂检测

Abstract:

Gestational weight gain is a key indicator for assessing the nutritional status of pregnant women and evaluating the fetal development. Maintaining appropriate weight gain during pregnancy is fundamental to achieving favorable pregnancy outcomes and long-term prognosis. This article analyzes the components of gestational weight gain, provides an overview of weight gain recommendations for different groups of pregnant women, explores the relationship between gestational weight gain and energy intake, and subsequently offers actionable solutions for the future clinical management and research.

Key words: Gestational weight gain, Energy intake, Hyperglycemia in pregnancy, Body composition, Body fat measurement

中图分类号:

R 714.14

舒心宇,姚弥,隽娟,等. 妊娠期增重及能量管理：构成、关系探究与展望[J]. 中国全科医学, 2026, 29(29): 4295-4302. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0324.
SHU Xinyu,YAO Mi,JUAN Juan, et al. Gestational Weight Gain and Energy Management: Composition, Relationship Exploration and Future Perspectives[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(29): 4295-4302. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0324.

图/表 1

参考文献 86

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指标	增重推荐				能量推荐
指标	BMI	总增重（kg）	中晚期增重速率[M（P₂₅，P₇₅），kg/周]	双胎妊娠总增重（kg）	能量推荐
美国^[18]	偏瘦（<18.5 kg/m²）	12.5~18.0	0.51（0.44，0.58）
	正常（18.5~24.9 kg/m²）	11.5~16.0	0.42（0.35，0.50）	16.8~24.5
	超重（25.0~29.9 kg/m²）	7.0~11.5	0.28（0.23，0.33）	14.1~22.7
	肥胖（≥30.0 kg/m²）	5.0~9.0	0.22（0.17，0.27）	11.4~19.1
中国^[23]	偏瘦（<18.5 kg/m²）	11.0~16.0	0.46（0.37，0.66）		妊娠早期能量摄入与孕前接近，中晚期较早孕期增加300~450 kcal，双胎妊娠在此基础上增加200 kcal/d
	正常（18.5~<24.0 kg/m²）	8.0~14.0	0.37（0.26，0.48）
	超重（24.0~<28.0 kg/m²）	7.0~11.0	0.30（0.22，0.37）
	肥胖（≥28.0 kg/m²）	5.0~9.0	0.22（0.15，0.30）

指标	增重推荐				能量推荐
指标	BMI	总增重（kg）	中晚期增重速率[M（P₂₅，P₇₅），kg/周]	双胎妊娠总增重（kg）	能量推荐
美国^[18]	偏瘦（<18.5 kg/m²）	12.5~18.0	0.51（0.44，0.58）
	正常（18.5~24.9 kg/m²）	11.5~16.0	0.42（0.35，0.50）	16.8~24.5
	超重（25.0~29.9 kg/m²）	7.0~11.5	0.28（0.23，0.33）	14.1~22.7
	肥胖（≥30.0 kg/m²）	5.0~9.0	0.22（0.17，0.27）	11.4~19.1
中国^[23]	偏瘦（<18.5 kg/m²）	11.0~16.0	0.46（0.37，0.66）		妊娠早期能量摄入与孕前接近，中晚期较早孕期增加300~450 kcal，双胎妊娠在此基础上增加200 kcal/d
	正常（18.5~<24.0 kg/m²）	8.0~14.0	0.37（0.26，0.48）
	超重（24.0~<28.0 kg/m²）	7.0~11.0	0.30（0.22，0.37）
	肥胖（≥28.0 kg/m²）	5.0~9.0	0.22（0.15，0.30）

妊娠期增重及能量管理：构成、关系探究与展望

Gestational Weight Gain and Energy Management: Composition, Relationship Exploration and Future Perspectives

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