组合运动干预对肥胖女青少年身体成分、心血管风险因素及心肺适能影响的研究

doi:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0483

中国全科医学 ›› 2024, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (09): 1109-1117.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0483

组合运动干预对肥胖女青少年身体成分、心血管风险因素及心肺适能影响的研究

王凯¹, 徐百超²^,³^,^*(), 王朝昕³^,⁴, 苏健蛟⁵^,⁶

1．221116　江苏省徐州市，江苏师范大学体育学院
2．571199　海南省海口市，海南医学院体育部
3．571199　海南省海口市，海南医学院海南省运动与健康促进重点实验室
4．571199　海南省海口市，海南医学院管理学院
5．430079　湖北省武汉市，武汉体育学院武术学院
6．430079　湖北省武汉市，武汉体育学院东北亚民族传统体育研究中心

收稿日期:2023-07-31 修回日期:2023-10-24 出版日期:2024-03-20 发布日期:2023-12-19
通讯作者: 徐百超
作者贡献：王凯负责研究命题的提出、设计，负责论文起草；王朝昕负责研究过程的实施；苏健蛟运用统计学方法对数据进行加工、处理；徐百超负责最终版本修订，对论文整体负责。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(81960420); 江苏省社科基金项目(22TYB009); 江苏省教育科学"十四五"规划课题(T-b/2021/35); 海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目(2019RC222); 海南省重点研发项目(ZDYF2022SHFZ306)

Effects of Combined Motion Intervention on Body Composition, Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cardiopulmonary Fitness of Obese Female Adolescents

WANG Kai¹, XU Baichao²^,³^,^†(), WANG Zhaoxin³^,⁴, SU Jianjiao⁵^,⁶

1. School of Physical Education, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
2. Department of Physical Education, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199, China
3. Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Sports and Health Promotion, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199, China
4. School of Management, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199, China
5. School of Wushu, Wuhan Sports Unwversity, Wuhan 430079, China
6. Research Center for Northeast Asian Ethnic Traditional Sports, Wuhan Sports Unwversity, Wuhan 430079, China

Received:2023-07-31 Revised:2023-10-24 Published:2024-03-20 Online:2023-12-19
Contact: XU Baichao

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摘要/Abstract

摘要： 背景目前，全球范围内肥胖儿童青少年数量急剧增加，其中，5~19岁人群肥胖患病率约增加了8倍，2~4岁儿童肥胖患病率约增加了1倍。运动干预对于改善肥胖和增强心肺适能具有重要影响。但缺乏组合运动干预对14~16岁肥胖女青少年影响的研究。目的探讨12周组合运动干预对肥胖女青少年身体成分、心血管风险因素及心肺适能的影响。方法于2022年5—7月在山东曲阜市选取14~16岁肥胖女青少年48名作为研究对象，将48名研究对象进行编号，然后利用随机数字分为试验组（24名）和对照组（24名）。试验组根据纳排标准最后纳入20名女生，整个干预过程持续12周，包括跳绳运动干预和跆拳道运动干预；而对照组在整个12周中不进行任何运动干预和其他饮食或者药物干预。分别在12周运动干预前和运动干预后检测受试者身高、体质量、体脂率、腰围、BMI、血压、空腹血糖（FPG）、胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）及最大摄氧量（VO2max）等，并比较两组及干预前后各指标的差异。采用Pearson相关性分析探讨肥胖女青少年体脂率、腰围与VO2max的相关性。结果干预前，两组女生年龄、身高、体质量、体脂率、腰围、BMI、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、脉压、FPG、胰岛素、HOMA-IR、最大完成次数（Laps）、最大跑速（MAS）、VO2max比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）；12周运动干预后，试验组女生体脂率、腰围、SBP、DBP、FPG、胰岛素、HOMA-IR均低于对照组，而Laps、MAS、VO2max高于对照组（P<0.05）；与干预前比较，12周运动干预后试验组女生体脂率、腰围、SBP、DBP、FPG、胰岛素、HOMA-IR均降低，而Laps、MAS、VO2max升高（P<0.05）。相关性分析结果显示，肥胖女青少年体脂率、腰围与VO2max呈负相关（r=-0.55，P<0.001；r=-0.41，P<0.001）。结论 12周组合运动干预能够改善肥胖女青少年身体成分和心血管风险因素，同时也能够通过增加VO2max来增强心肺适能。

关键词: 肥胖症, 组合运动, 女青少年, 身体成分, 心血管风险因素, 心肺适能

Abstract:

Background

At present, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of obese children and adolescents globally, among which the prevalence of obesity in children aged 5 to 19 years has increased by about 8 times, and the prevalence of obesity in children aged 2 to 4 years has increased by about 1 times. Exercise intervention has an important effect on improving obesity and enhancing cardiorespiratory fitness. However, studies on the effects of combined motion intervention on obese female adolescents aged 14-16 years have not been addressed.

Objective

To investigate the effects of 12-week combined motion intervention on body composition, cardiovascular risk factors and cardiopulmonary fitness in obese female adolescents.

Methods

From May to July 2022, 48 obese female adolescents aged 14 to 16 years old in Qufu City, Shandong Province were selected as research objects, numbered and divided into the experimental group (n=24) and control group (n=24) using random numbers. The experimental group finally included 20 female adolescents based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the whole intervention lasted for 12 weeks, including rope skipping intervention and taekwondo intervention; while the control group did not perform any exercise intervention and other dietary or pharmacological interventions throughout the 12 weeks. The indicators such as height, body mass, body fat rate (BFR) , waist circumference, BMI, blood pressure (BP) , fasting plasma glucose (FPG) , insulin, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max) were detected before and after the 12-week combined motion intervention and compared between the two groups, as well as before and after the intervention. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation of BFR and waist circumference with VO_2max in obese female adolescents.

Results

Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in age, height, body mass, BFR, waist circumference, BMI, systolic blood pressure (SBP) , diastolic blood pressure (DBP) , pulse pressure difference, FPG, insulin, HOMA-IR, maximal number of completions (Laps) , maximal aerobic speed (MAS) , and VO_2max between the two groups (P>0.05) . After 12-week combined motion intervention, BFR, waist circumference, SBP, DBP, FPG, insulin and HOMA-IR in the experimental group were lower than the control group, while Laps, MAS, VO_2max was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05) . Compared with pre-intervention, the BFR, waist circumference, SBP, DBP, FPG, insulin and HOMA-IR were decreased and Laps, MAS, VO_2max were increased after 12-week combined motion intervention (P<0.05) . The results of correlation analysis showed that body fat percentage and circumference were negatively correlated with VO_2max in obese female adolescents (r=-0.55, P<0.001; r=-0.41, P<0.001) .

Conclusion

The 12-week combined motion intervention can improve body composition and cardiovascular risk factors in obese female adolescents, and also enhance cardiopulmonary fitness by increasing VO_2max.

Key words: Obesity, Combined motion, Female adolescent, Body composition, Cardiovascular risk factors, Cardiopulmonary fitness

王凯,徐百超,王朝昕,等. 组合运动干预对肥胖女青少年身体成分、心血管风险因素及心肺适能影响的研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2024, 27(09): 1109-1117. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0483.
WANG Kai,XU Baichao,WANG Zhaoxin, et al. Effects of Combined Motion Intervention on Body Composition, Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cardiopulmonary Fitness of Obese Female Adolescents[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2024, 27(09): 1109-1117. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0483.

图/表 7

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组别	人数	年龄（岁）	身高（cm）	体质量（kg）
对照组	24	15.0±0.8	153.48 ± 4.34	68.78 ± 1.57
试验组	20	14.8±0.8	153.40± 5.17	69.05 ± 1.85
t值		0.670	0.054	-0.514
P值		0.509	0.957	0.610

组别	人数	年龄（岁）	身高（cm）	体质量（kg）
对照组	24	15.0±0.8	153.48 ± 4.34	68.78 ± 1.57
试验组	20	14.8±0.8	153.40± 5.17	69.05 ± 1.85
t值		0.670	0.054	-0.514
P值		0.509	0.957	0.610

组别	人数	BFR（%）				WC（cm）				BMI（kg/m²）
组别	人数	干预前	干预后	t_配对值	P值	干预前	干预后	t_配对值	P值	干预前	干预后	t_配对值	P值
对照组	24	34.07±0.85	34.16±0.72	-1.325	0.164	87.0±1.0	87.0±1.8	-1.269	0.208	29.0±1.3	29.3±1.8	-1.481	0.153
试验组	20	33.24±0.26	30.52±1.01	13.377	<0.001	87.0±0.9	85.1±0.8	6.275	<0.001	29.0±1.1	28.8±2.1	0.467	0.646
t值		2.160	14.904			-1.956	9.462			0.039	0.056
P值		0.150	<0.001			0.118	<0.001			0.970	0.842

组别	人数	BFR（%）				WC（cm）				BMI（kg/m²）
组别	人数	干预前	干预后	t_配对值	P值	干预前	干预后	t_配对值	P值	干预前	干预后	t_配对值	P值
对照组	24	34.07±0.85	34.16±0.72	-1.325	0.164	87.0±1.0	87.0±1.8	-1.269	0.208	29.0±1.3	29.3±1.8	-1.481	0.153
试验组	20	33.24±0.26	30.52±1.01	13.377	<0.001	87.0±0.9	85.1±0.8	6.275	<0.001	29.0±1.1	28.8±2.1	0.467	0.646
t值		2.160	14.904			-1.956	9.462			0.039	0.056
P值		0.150	<0.001			0.118	<0.001			0.970	0.842

组别	人数	SBP				DBP				PP
组别	人数	干预前	干预后	t_配对值	P值	干预前	干预后	t_配对值	P值	干预前	干预后	t_配对值	P值
对照组	24	132±3	132±3	-1.106	0.312	82±1	82±1	-1.40	0.890	50±4	50±3	-1.031	0.142
试验组	20	133±3	127±1	7.651	<0.001	82±1	81±1	4.053	0.001	51±3	46±1	6.795	<0.001
t值		-7.430	9.179			0.807	4.953			-0.923	1.893
P值		0.462	<0.001			0.424	<0.001			0.361	0.065

组合运动干预对肥胖女青少年身体成分、心血管风险因素及心肺适能影响的研究

Effects of Combined Motion Intervention on Body Composition, Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cardiopulmonary Fitness of Obese Female Adolescents

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组别	人数	FPG（μU/mL）				胰岛素（mg/dL）				HOMA-IR
组别	人数	干预前	干预后	t_配对值	P值	干预前	干预后	t_配对值	P值	干预前	干预后	t_配对值	P值
对照组	24	89.07±2.87	88.87±6.29	0.282	0.781	14.79±1.31	14.58±1.08	1.351	0.190	3.25±0.31	3.20±0.33	1.181	0.250
试验组	20	90.24±0.79	87.58±1.27	8.367	<0.001	13.54±0.84	9.82±0.89	12.898	<0.001	3.02±0.19	2.12±0.20	14.271	<0.001
t值		-1.758	9.326			2.166	15.641			0.896	12.828
P值		0.086	<0.001			0.160	<0.001			0.372	<0.001

组别	人数	FPG（μU/mL）				胰岛素（mg/dL）				HOMA-IR
组别	人数	干预前	干预后	t_配对值	P值	干预前	干预后	t_配对值	P值	干预前	干预后	t_配对值	P值
对照组	24	89.07±2.87	88.87±6.29	0.282	0.781	14.79±1.31	14.58±1.08	1.351	0.190	3.25±0.31	3.20±0.33	1.181	0.250
试验组	20	90.24±0.79	87.58±1.27	8.367	<0.001	13.54±0.84	9.82±0.89	12.898	<0.001	3.02±0.19	2.12±0.20	14.271	<0.001
t值		-1.758	9.326			2.166	15.641			0.896	12.828
P值		0.086	<0.001			0.160	<0.001			0.372	<0.001

组别	人数	Laps（次）				MAS（km/h）				VO_2max（mL·kg^-1·min^-1）
组别	人数	干预前	干预后	t_配对值	P值	干预前	干预后	t_配对值	P值	干预前	干预后	t_配对值	P值
对照组	24	25.00±0.97	24.67±1.08	1.261	0.231	9.52±0.12	9.55±0.14	-1.239	0.228	37.03±1.09	37.14±0.77	-0.684	0.501
试验组	20	21.90±1.16	28.04±0.65	-23.915	<0.001	9.56±0.69	9.87±0.49	-21.430	<0.001	36.88±0.67	39.00±0.44	-11.832	<0.001
t值		0.843	-12.153			-1.111	-9.519			0.520	-9.660
P值		0.386	<0.001			0.273	<0.001			0.606	<0.001

组别	人数	Laps（次）				MAS（km/h）				VO_2max（mL·kg^-1·min^-1）
组别	人数	干预前	干预后	t_配对值	P值	干预前	干预后	t_配对值	P值	干预前	干预后	t_配对值	P值
对照组	24	25.00±0.97	24.67±1.08	1.261	0.231	9.52±0.12	9.55±0.14	-1.239	0.228	37.03±1.09	37.14±0.77	-0.684	0.501
试验组	20	21.90±1.16	28.04±0.65	-23.915	<0.001	9.56±0.69	9.87±0.49	-21.430	<0.001	36.88±0.67	39.00±0.44	-11.832	<0.001
t值		0.843	-12.153			-1.111	-9.519			0.520	-9.660
P值		0.386	<0.001			0.273	<0.001			0.606	<0.001