中国全科医学

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基于老年人整合照护的北京市某医联体老年患者内在能力评估状况及影响因素研究

王树春,魏雅楠,薛倩,黎梦涵,邓利华,李夏,杨光耀,闫丽娟,贾春玲,刘杰,王晶桐*   

  1. 100044 北京市,北京大学人民医院老年科
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-18 修回日期:2025-08-18 接受日期:2025-08-26
  • 通讯作者: 王晶桐,主任医师/教授;E-mail:wangjingtong@pkuph.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家临床重点专科能力建设项目(2199000764)

The Status and Influencing Factors of Intrinsic Capacity Assessment for Elderly Patients in a Medical Consortium in Beijing Based on ICOPE

WANG Shuchun, WEI Yanan, XUE Qian, LI Menghan, DENG Lihua, LI Xia, YANG Guangyao, YAN Lijuan, JIA Chunling, LIU Jie, WANG Jingtong   

  1. Department of Geriatrics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
  • Received:2025-06-18 Revised:2025-08-18 Accepted:2025-08-26
  • Contact: WANG Jingtong, Chief physician/Professor; E-mail: wangjingtong@pkuph.edu.cn

摘要: 背景 随着中国快速步入深度老龄化社会,老年患者的医疗需求日益多样化、复杂化。对老年患者开展内在能力评估,可早期识别其衰弱风险,为老年人群的精细化健康管理提供关键依据。目的 以老年人整合照护(ICOPE)理念为基础,评估医联体内部不同医疗机构老年患者的内在能力,分析其特点及影响因素。方法 采用分层随机抽样法,选取2024年11月—2025年3月在北京市某医联体中三级医院老年科、二级医院综合内科(老年医学科)、社区卫生服务中心就诊的老年患者890例(三级医院、二级医院、社区卫生服务中心就诊患者分别为455、135、300例),采用老年人整合照护-内在能力综合评估问询表(ICOPE-Q18)评估老年患者的内在能力。比较不同级别医疗机构老年患者的内在能力特点,采用多元线性回归分析老年患者ICOPE-Q18得分的影响因素。对不同性别和年龄老年患者的ICOPE-Q18得分进行分层分析,采用多变量方差分析、独立样本t检验、Cohen's d系数等方法分析不同性别患者ICOPE-Q18得分的差异来源。结果 医联体内三级医院、二级医院、社区卫生服务中心老年患者的ICOPE-Q18平均得分分别为(31.25±4.30)、(26.67±4.98)、(32.11±3.10)分,三者比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,性别、年龄、慢性病数量是影响老年患者 ICOPE-Q18 得分的影响因素(P<0.05)。60~69岁男性老年患者和女性老年患者的ICOPE-Q18得分比较,差异有统计学意义[(33.37±2.92)分比(32.36±3.37)分,P<0.01],差异主要表现在视力、活动能力、情绪、认知、跌倒次数、BMI等方面。≥80岁男性老年患者和女性老年患者的ICOPE-Q18得分比较,差异有统计学意义[(27.88±4.85)分比(26.18±4.69)分,P<0.05],差异主要表现在活动能力和情绪等方面。结论 性别、年龄、慢性病数量是老年患者内在能力的主要影响因素。随着年龄和慢性病数量的增加,内在能力呈下降趋势,男性患者内在能力得分总体优于女性患者。内在能力的性别差异主要表现在60~69岁和≥ 80 岁年龄段。

关键词: 老年人整合照护, 内在能力评估, 医联体, 分级诊疗, 影响因素分析

Abstract: Background China is rapidly entering a deeply aging society, which poses a severe challenge to the medical system. The medical needs of elderly patients are increasingly diverse and complex. The assessment of intrinsic abilities in elderly patients can identify the risk of frailty early and provide a key tool for refined health management of the elderly population. Objective Based on the ICOPE concept, this research evaluates the intrinsic capability of elderly patients in different medical institutions within the medical consortium, analyzes its characteristics and influencing factors. Methods Using stratified random sampling method, 890 elderly patients within a medical consortium in Beijing from November 2024 to March 2025 were selected. The sample included 455 patients from tertiary hospital, 135 patients from secondary hospital, and 300patients from community health center.The Integrated Care for Older People Questionnaire (ICOPE-Q18) was used to assess the intrinsic capacity of the elderly participants. A comparative analysis was conducted to examine the characteristics of intrinsic capacity among elderly patients across different levels of medical institutions. Multivariate linear regression was employed to analyze the influencing factors of ICOPE-Q18 scores in elderly patients. Stratified analysis was performed based on the gender and age of the participants to investigate the differences of ICOPE-Q18 scores. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), independent sample t-tests, and Cohen's d coefficient were used to explore the sources of gender differences in ICOPE-Q18 scores. Results In a certain district of Beijing, the ICOPE-Q18 scores of elderly patients in tertiary hospital, secondary hospital, and community health service center were (31.25±4.30), (26.67±4.98), and (32.11±3.10), respectively (P<0.001). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, gender, and the number of chronic diseases were the influencing factors of ICOPE-Q18 score (P<0.01). There was a significant difference in ICOPE-Q18 scores between male and female patients aged 60-69 [(33.37±2.92) vs (32.36±3.37), P<0.01], mainly manifested in vision, mobility, emotions, cognition, number of falls, BMI. There was a significant difference in ICOPE-Q18 scores between male and female patients over 80 years old [(27.88±4.85) vs (26.18±4.69), P<0.05], mainly manifested in terms of mobility and emotions. Conclusion Age, gender, and the number of chronic diseases are the main influencing factors of intrinsic capabilities of elderly patients. As age and the number of chronic diseases increase, the intrinsic capabilities score decreases. Generally, the intrinsic capabilities score of male patients was better than that of female patients. The differences mainly manifest in the age groups of 60-69 years old and over 80 years old.

Key words: Integrated care for older people, Intrinsic capacity assessment, Medical consortium, Hierarchical diagnosis and treatment, Root cause analysis

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