中国全科医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (36): 5385-5392.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0196

• 论著 • 上一篇    

血清IgG4升高型桥本甲状腺炎的临床特征研究

赵晨旭1, 刘力源1, 张杨1, 李戈1, 陈蕾2, 高莹1,*()   

  1. 1.100034 北京市,北京大学第一医院内分泌科
    2.100034 北京市,北京大学第一医院超声科
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-10 修回日期:2025-10-28 出版日期:2026-12-20 发布日期:2026-10-30
  • 通讯作者: 高莹

  • 作者贡献:

    高莹提出主要研究目标,负责研究构思与设计,研究的实施;赵晨旭、刘力源、张杨、李戈负责数据收集、整理,统计学分析;赵晨旭负责图表绘制与展示,文章撰写与修改;陈蕾负责甲状腺超声结果整理;张杨、高莹负责进行文章的修订,文章的质量控制与审查。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2021YFF1201105); 首都卫生发展科研专项(首发2018-2-4074)

Clinical Characteristics of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis with Elevated Serum IgG4

ZHAO Chenxu1, LIU Liyuan1, ZHANG Yang1, LI Ge1, CHEN Lei2, GAO Ying1,*()   

  1. 1. Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
    2. Department of Ultrasound, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
  • Received:2025-03-10 Revised:2025-10-28 Published:2026-12-20 Online:2026-10-30
  • Contact: GAO Ying

摘要: 背景 根据血清免疫球蛋白(Ig)G4水平,桥本甲状腺炎(HT)可分为血清IgG4升高型(≥135 mg/dL) HT和非血清IgG4升高型HT。研究显示血清IgG4升高型HT更容易发生甲状腺功能减退(简称甲减),且服用左甲状腺素(L-T4)的剂量更高,但目前研究结论并不一致。 目的 本研究旨在探讨血清IgG4升高型HT的临床特征,并评估血清IgG4在HT疾病进展中的预测作用。 方法 回顾性纳入2016年4—9月在北京大学第一医院就诊并留存血清样本的426例HT患者,对其进行随访,随访时间为2021年1月—2022年1月。依据纳排标准,最终共纳入200例HT患者。采用免疫比浊法检测基线时血清IgG4水平,并分析甲状腺超声特征。比较不同血清IgG4水平的HT患者在基线及随访终止时的临床数据。将HT患者由甲状腺功能正常进展为甲减,或由亚临床甲减(SCH)进展为成年人临床甲减(OH),或者服用L-T4剂量较前增加,定义为疾病进展。采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析HT疾病进展的影响因素。 结果 200例HT患者中位血清IgG4水平为43(24,72)mg/dL。其中,11例(5.5%)患者的血清IgG4水平≥135 mg/dL,诊断为血清IgG4升高型HT,其中位IgG4水平为172(157,219)mg/dL。血清IgG4升高型HT患者的基线时血清游离甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3)低于非血清IgG4升高型HT患者(P<0.05);两类患者基线及随访终止时的临床特征比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。共189例HT患者被纳入疾病进展评估,其中疾病进展组57例(30.2%)、疾病未进展组132例(69.8%)。疾病进展组随访时间[57.2(57.0,64.0)个月]长于疾病未进展组[56.1(51.3,62.0)个月](P<0.05)。基线时,两组甲状腺功能状态分布、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)阳性率、甲状腺超声回声特点比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。基线时甲减是HT疾病进展的危险因素(HR=2.01,95%CI=1.07~3.78,P=0.030);而血清IgG4水平(HR=0.52,95%CI=0.25~1.08,P=0.348),TPOAb阳性(HR=1.71,95%CI=0.67~4.38,P=0.502),甲状腺超声回声特征混杂回声(HR=0.21,95%CI=0.02~2.17,P=0.644)、弥漫低回声(HR=0.38,95%CI=0.13~1.13,P=0.105)及网格状回声的存在(HR=1.49,95%CI=0.67~3.30,P=0.263)均不是HT疾病进展的影响因素。 结论 本研究未发现血清IgG4升高型HT具有独特的临床特征和超声特点,血清IgG4水平升高并不能预测HT疾病进展。

关键词: 桥本甲状腺炎, 免疫球蛋白G4相关疾病, 疾病恶化, 危险因素, 队列研究

Abstract:

Background

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) can be classified into two types based on serum IgG4 levels: elevated serum IgG4 HT (≥135 mg/dL) and non-elevated serum IgG4 HT. Previous studies suggested that the elevated serum IgG4 HT was more susceptible to develop hypothyroidism and required higher dose of levothyroxine (L-T4). However, these findings remain inconsistent.

Objective

This study aims to explore the clinical characteristics of elevated serum IgG4 HT and evaluate the predictive role of serum IgG4 levels for disease progression in patients with HT.

Methods

A total of 426 HT patients with stored serum samples at Peking University First Hospital from April to September 2016 were retrospectively followed from January 2021 to January 2022. 200 HT patients with complete clinical and follow-up data were included in the analysis. Baseline serum IgG4 levels were measured using immunoturbidimetry. Sonographic features and clinical data were compared between groups with elevated and non-elevated serum IgG4 levels at both baseline and follow-up. Disease progression was defined as deterioration of thyroid function, or an increased L-T4 dosage required to maintain euthyroidism at follow-up. The Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for disease progression in HT.

Results

Among 200 patients with HT, the median serum IgG4 level was 43 (24, 72) mg/dL. Elevated serum IgG4 levels (≥135 mg/dL) were observed in 11 patients (5.5%), who were classified as the elevated serum IgG4 HT group. The median serum IgG4 level in this group was 172 (157, 219) mg/dL. Serum free triiodothyronine (FT3) and total triiodothyronine (TT3) levels at baseline in patients with elevated serum IgG4 HT were significantly lower than those in patients with non-elevated serum IgG4 HT (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in other clinical characteristics between these two groups at baseline or follow-up (P>0.05). A total of 189 HT patients were included in the disease progression assessment, comprising 57 patients (30.2%) in the disease progression group and 132 patients(69.8%) in the non-progression group. The follow-up duration was longer in the disease progression group [57.2(57.0, 64.0) months] than in the non-progression group [56.1(51.3, 62.0) months](P<0.05). At baseline, there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in the distribution of thyroid function status, thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) positivity, and thyroid echogenicity characteristics (P<0.05). Hypothyroidism at baseline was identified as an independent risk factor for disease progression of HT (HR=2.01, 95%CI=1.07-3.78, P=0.030). However, serum IgG4 levels (HR=0.52, 95%CI=0.25-1.08, P=0.348), TPOAb positivity (HR=1.71, 95%CI=0.67-4.38, P=0.502), thyroid echogenicity characteristics, including heterogeneous echogenicity (HR=0.21, 95%CI=0.02-2.17, P=0.644) and diffuse hypoechoic pattern (HR=0.38, 95%CI=0.13-1.13, P=0.105) and the presence of grid like patterns (HR=1.49, 95%CI=0.67-3.30, P=0.263) on ultrasound were not associated with disease progression.

Conclusion

HT patients with elevated serum IgG4 did not exhibit distinctive clinical or sonographic characteristics, nor did they show an increased tendency toward disease progression. Elevated serum IgG4 may not be an independent risk factor for the progression of HT.

Key words: Hashimoto thyroiditis, Immunoglobulin G4-related disease, Disease progression, Risk factors, Cohort studies