关键词: 家庭, 认知环境, 儿童, 语言, 儿童早期发展

Abstract: Background: The incidence of delayed language development in early childhood is high, and the early recognition rate is low, which has a significant negative impact on the early development of other dimensions of children. The family cognitive environment is a key factor affecting early language development in children. Objective: This study aims to explore the impact and mechanism of family cognitive environment on early language development in children, and provide theoretical basis for promoting early language development in children from the perspective of community intervention in family cognitive environment.Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted on 4307 children who were admitted to a community child health clinic in Shanghai from January 2018 to December 2020. The Shanghai Pediatric Development Screening Scale II was used for developmental screening. 172 children with abnormal language development were selected as the observation group, and age was used as a matching factor. A ratio of 1:3 was used to include 516 children with normal language development in the observation group. Collect information on two groups of children's basic birth characteristics, parental demographic characteristics, maternal pregnancy and childbirth characteristics, as well as family cognitive environment characteristics. Descriptive analysis, t-test or chi square test, and logistic regression analysis are used for statistical analysis. Results: In the past three years of follow-up, the rate of early language development abnormalities in children was 3.99%, with 2-year-old children having the highest rate of early language development abnormalities (2.14%). The proportion of children with abnormal language development in the family cognitive environment was 23.84%, and all aspects of the family cognitive environment were weaker than those of children with normal language development (p<0.05). Premature birth, low maternal education (below high school), and poor family cognitive environment are risk factors for early language development abnormalities in children. Conclusion: Interventions for language development before the age of 2 are key to effectively reducing the rate of delayed language development in children. Community children's health doctors are effective strategies for promoting early language development in children by guiding and optimizing the family upbringing environment, assisting in establishing good parent-child communication and interaction. They should pay special attention to families with young gestational age and low maternal education, and provide more targeted interventions and guidance on parent-child activities and communication.

Key words: Family, Cognitive environment, Children, Language, Early childhood development